{ "slug": "doors-access", "name": "Doors & Access", "in_level_book": true, "scores": { "resilience": 79.4, "leverage": 77.7, "trade_ai_score": 78.6, "quadrant": "safe-haven", "quadrant_label": "Safe Haven", "quadrant_desc": "Hard for AI to touch, but already efficient. Defend the moat; upside is incremental.", "resilience_rel": 79.2, "leverage_rel": 46 }, "subscores": { "resilience": { "physical_core": 86, "disintermediation": 74, "entry_barrier": 76, "switching_cost": 78 }, "leverage": { "coordination_drag": 78, "operating_leverage": 80, "revenue_expansion": 76, "data_amplification": 76 }, "basis": "Install + recurring service/maintenance (dock, access control) = good lock-in. Commercial payment-term cash lag = operating-leverage upside. A vertical Level works in." }, "research": { "wages_detail": { "median_hourly_wage_usd": 27.09, "median_hourly_wage_usd_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_hourly_wage_usd_research_pass_count": 6, "median_hourly_wage_usd_confidence": "high-primary", "median_annual_wage_usd": 56350, "median_annual_wage_usd_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_annual_wage_usd_research_pass_count": 6, "median_annual_wage_usd_confidence": "high-primary", "pct25_hourly_wage_usd": 22.18, "pct25_hourly_wage_usd_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov) and Mississippi Department of Employment Security OEWS Estimates (https://www.mdes.ms.gov)", "pct25_hourly_wage_usd_research_pass_count": 6, "pct25_hourly_wage_usd_confidence": "high-primary", "pct75_hourly_wage_usd": 34.75, "pct75_hourly_wage_usd_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov) and Mississippi Department of Employment Security OEWS Estimates (https://www.mdes.ms.gov)", "pct75_hourly_wage_usd_research_pass_count": 6, "pct75_hourly_wage_usd_confidence": "high-primary", "pct90_hourly_wage_usd": 45.47, "pct90_hourly_wage_usd_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov) and Mississippi Department of Employment Security OEWS Estimates (https://www.mdes.ms.gov)", "pct90_hourly_wage_usd_research_pass_count": 6, "pct90_hourly_wage_usd_confidence": "high-primary", "pct10_hourly_wage_usd": 18, "pct10_hourly_wage_usd_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov) and Mississippi Department of Employment Security OEWS Estimates (https://www.mdes.ms.gov)", "pct10_hourly_wage_usd_research_pass_count": 6, "pct10_hourly_wage_usd_confidence": "high-primary", "wage_data_year": "2024", "median_hourly_wage_usd_source_access": "url", "median_annual_wage_usd_source_access": "url", "pct25_hourly_wage_usd_source_access": "url", "pct75_hourly_wage_usd_source_access": "url", "pct90_hourly_wage_usd_source_access": "url", "pct10_hourly_wage_usd_source_access": "url" }, "employment": { "us_employment": 959000, "us_employment_source": "BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/construction-and-extraction/carpenters.htm", "us_employment_research_pass_count": 5, "us_employment_confidence": "high-primary", "projected_10yr_growth_pct": 4.5, "projected_10yr_growth_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections: Table 1.2 Occupational Projections, 2024-2034, https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm", "projected_10yr_growth_pct_research_pass_count": 5, "projected_10yr_growth_pct_confidence": "low", "annual_openings": 74100, "annual_openings_source": "BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/construction-and-extraction/carpenters.htm", "annual_openings_research_pass_count": 5, "annual_openings_confidence": "high-primary", "projected_10yr_net_change": 43100, "projected_10yr_net_change_source": "BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/construction-and-extraction/carpenters.htm", "projected_10yr_net_change_research_pass_count": 5, "projected_10yr_net_change_confidence": "high-primary", "us_employment_year": "2024", "us_employment_source_access": "url", "projected_10yr_growth_pct_source_access": "url", "annual_openings_source_access": "url", "projected_10yr_net_change_source_access": "url" }, "labor_shortage": { "unfilled_openings": 2700, "unfilled_openings_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) / O*NET OnLine (SOC 49-9011 Mechanical Door Repairers), 2024, https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/49-9011.00", "unfilled_openings_research_pass_count": 5, "unfilled_openings_confidence": "adjudicated", "vacancy_rate_pct": 3.4, "vacancy_rate_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS), 2025, https://www.bls.gov/jlt", "vacancy_rate_pct_research_pass_count": 3, "vacancy_rate_pct_confidence": "med", "unfilled_openings_year": "2026", "shortage_note": "The International Door Association (IDA) estimates a national shortage of 8,000 to 12,000 qualified installation and service technicians, while Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC) estimates the construction industry must attract 349,000 net new workers in 2026 to meet demand.", "shortage_note_source": "International Door Association (IDA) / Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC), 2026, https://www.doors.org and https://www.abc.org", "unfilled_openings_source_access": "url", "vacancy_rate_pct_source_access": "url", "shortage_note_source_access": "url" }, "workforce_aging": { "median_worker_age": 51, "median_worker_age_source": "Tradeworx / MarketDataForecast North America Garage Overhead Doors Market Report, https://www.marketdataforecast.com/market-reports/north-america-garage-overhead-doors-market", "median_worker_age_research_pass_count": 5, "median_worker_age_confidence": "med", "pct_over_55": 24, "pct_over_55_source": "U.S. Census Bureau / Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey, https://www.census.gov", "pct_over_55_research_pass_count": 3, "pct_over_55_confidence": "high", "median_worker_age_year": "2025", "retirement_note": "Nearly 30% of certified garage door technicians are projected to retire by 2030, contributing to a nationwide deficit of over 45,000 qualified door installers and service technicians.", "retirement_note_source": "Door and Access Systems Manufacturers Association (DASMA) / Market Data Forecast (https://www.marketdataforecast.com/market-reports/north-america-garage-overhead-doors-market)", "median_worker_age_source_access": "url", "pct_over_55_source_access": "url", "retirement_note_source_access": "url" }, "training_pipeline": { "apprenticeship_enrollment": 984.5, "apprenticeship_enrollment_derived": true, "apprenticeship_enrollment_source": "Trade Economy Index research synthesis: median of 2 cited research inputs: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Registered Apprenticeship National Results FY 2020 (Glazier RAPIDS Code 0221), https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/apprenticeship/about/statistics/2020 | Door Security and Safety Foundation (DSSF) / Door and Hardware Institute (DHI), Workforce Development Program Launch Announcement, 2025, https://www.dhi.org", "apprenticeship_enrollment_research_pass_count": 2, "apprenticeship_enrollment_confidence": "low", "annual_completions": 12000, "annual_completions_source": "Door and Access Systems Manufacturers Association (DASMA), 2025, https://www.dasma.com", "annual_completions_research_pass_count": 2, "annual_completions_confidence": "adjudicated", "apprenticeship_enrollment_year": "2025", "pipeline_gap_note": "The door security and safety trade faces a critical workforce shortage and talent gap, driven by a projected decline in credentialed professionals over the next decade due to retirements while industry demand grows rapidly. Employers, manufacturers, and distributors nationwide report that recruiting and hiring skilled, credentialed talent is one of their primary operational challenges.", "pipeline_gap_note_source": "Door Security and Safety Foundation (DSSF) / Door and Hardware Institute (DHI), Workforce Development Program Launch Press Release, 2025, https://www.dhi.org", "apprenticeship_enrollment_source_access": "url", "annual_completions_source_access": "url", "pipeline_gap_note_source_access": "url" }, "immigration_reliance": { "pct_foreign_born": 35, "pct_foreign_born_source": "National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) analysis of U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2024 PUMS", "pct_foreign_born_research_pass_count": 5, "pct_foreign_born_confidence": "high", "pct_foreign_born_year": "2024", "visa_dependence_note": "The construction trades (including finish carpentry and door/access installers) experience high reliance on foreign-born labor but face severe legal visa constraints. No dedicated year-round work visa program exists for construction trades. The H-2B non-agricultural guest worker visa is subject to a strict statutory cap of 66,000 visas per year across all non-farm industries and is limited to temporary or seasonal work, while EB-3 permanent residency visas suffer multi-year processing backlogs. Consequently, the industry relies heavily on foreign-born workers already residing in the U.S. (including naturalized citizens, permanent residents, and undocumented workers) rather than structured temporary visa recruitment.", "visa_dependence_note_source": "National Immigration Forum, 'Explainer: Construction Industry Demographics and Employment Pathways' (2024)", "pct_foreign_born_source_access": "citation-text-only", "visa_dependence_note_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, "unionization": { "union_membership_pct": 11.5, "union_membership_pct_source": "Union Membership and Coverage Database from the CPS (unionstats.com), Construction Workers Table, http://www.unionstats.com", "union_membership_pct_research_pass_count": 5, "union_membership_pct_confidence": "med", "union_membership_year": "2024", "prevailing_wage_note": "Door installation, automatic door mechanism, and commercial access installation on federal and federally assisted building projects are subject to Davis-Bacon Act and Related Acts wage determinations. Minimum hourly rates and fringe benefits are set by county and trade classification (e.g., Door Installation, Carpenter, Glazier, Ironworker) on SAM.gov, taking the form of either negotiated union rates or non-union survey rates depending on local labor market prevalence.", "prevailing_wage_note_source": "U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division, System for Award Management (SAM.gov) Davis-Bacon Wage Determinations (2025), https://sam.gov/content/wage-determinations", "union_membership_pct_source_access": "url", "prevailing_wage_note_source_access": "url" }, "licensing": { "states_requiring_license": 29, "states_requiring_license_source": "Institute for Justice, License to Work: A National Study of Burdens from Occupational Licensing (3rd Edition), https://ij.org/report/license-to-work-3", "states_requiring_license_research_pass_count": 5, "states_requiring_license_confidence": "med", "states_requiring_license_year": "2026", "bonding_note": "Bonding and insurance requirements are established by individual state contractor boards: California (CSLB) mandates a $25,000 contractor license bond (CA BPC § 7071.6) alongside general liability and workers' compensation insurance; Nevada (NSCB) requires a surety bond ranging from $1,000 to $500,000 based on the contractor's monetary limit; Florida (DBPR/CILB) mandates minimum liability insurance of $100,000 bodily injury / $25,000 property damage for specialty contractors along with mandatory workers' compensation coverage.", "bonding_note_source": "California Contractors State License Board, Nevada State Contractors Board, and Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation", "reciprocity_note": "State reciprocity for dedicated doors and access control trade classifications is limited. Although the NASCLA Accredited Examination for Commercial General Building Contractors is recognized by 18 participating states for general trade exam waivers, trade-specific specialty licenses (such as California D-28 or Nevada C-3d) do not automatically transfer across state lines. State boards evaluate reciprocal license requests on a case-by-case basis (e.g., California CSLB maintains limited reciprocity agreements only with Arizona, Louisiana, and Nevada) and generally require candidates to pass the receiving state's Business and Law examination.", "reciprocity_note_source": "National Association of State Contractors Licensing Agencies (NASCLA) and California Contractors State License Board", "states_requiring_license_source_access": "url", "bonding_note_source_access": "citation-text-only", "reciprocity_note_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, "market_size": { "market_size_usd": 7700000000, "market_size_usd_source": "IBISWorld, Door Installation & Repair Services in the US - https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/door-installation-repair-services-industry", "market_size_usd_research_pass_count": 3, "market_size_usd_confidence": "med", "cagr_pct": 3.8, "cagr_pct_derived": true, "cagr_pct_source": "Trade Economy Index research synthesis: median of 1 cited research input: IBISWorld, 'Door Installation & Repair Services in the US' (2024), https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/door-installation-repair-services-industry", "cagr_pct_research_pass_count": 2, "cagr_pct_confidence": "med", "market_size_usd_year": "2025", "cagr_forecast_window": "2020-2025", "cagr_forecast_window_source": "Trade Economy Index research synthesis: median of 1 cited research input: IBISWorld, 'Door Installation & Repair Services in the US' (2024), https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/door-installation-repair-services-industry", "market_size_usd_source_access": "url", "cagr_pct_source_access": "url", "cagr_forecast_window_source_access": "url" }, "firm_counts": { "num_establishments": 40076, "num_establishments_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), NAICS 238350 and 238290 combined - https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2022/econ/susb/2022-susb-annual.html", "num_establishments_research_pass_count": 5, "num_establishments_confidence": "high-primary", "num_firms": 38575, "num_firms_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), NAICS 238350 and 238290 combined - https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2022/econ/susb/2022-susb-annual.html", "num_firms_research_pass_count": 5, "num_firms_confidence": "high-primary", "avg_employees_per_firm": 8.07, "avg_employees_per_firm_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), NAICS 238350 and 238290 combined - https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2022/econ/susb/2022-susb-annual.html", "avg_employees_per_firm_research_pass_count": 5, "avg_employees_per_firm_confidence": "high-primary", "num_establishments_year": "2022", "num_establishments_source_access": "url", "num_firms_source_access": "url", "avg_employees_per_firm_source_access": "url" }, "firm_size_dist": { "size_dist_year": "2017" }, "fragmentation": { "top4_firm_share_pct": 24.7, "top4_firm_share_pct_source": "U.S. Small Business Administration, 'Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction; Utilities; Construction', Proposed Rule, 85 FR 62239 (October 2, 2020), Table 4 'Size Standards Supported by Each Factor for Each Industry (Receipts)' at 85 FR 62248, column (6) headed 'Four-firm ratio (%)', row NAICS 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors. Derived by SBA from the U.S. Census Bureau special tabulation of the 2012 Economic Census. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/10/02/2020-21589/small-business-size-standards-agriculture-forestry-fishing-and-hunting-mining-quarrying-and-oil", "top4_firm_share_pct_research_pass_count": 1, "top4_firm_share_pct_confidence": "high-primary", "concentration_year": "2012", "mom_and_pop_share_note": "ESTIMATE, and the arithmetic is printed so it can be reproduced. Census County Business Patterns 2022 counts establishments by employment size for the two contractor codes this trade spans. Other Building Equipment Contractors (NAICS 238290, which is where Census files commercial and industrial door, overhead door and automated door installation) has 7,907 establishments, of which 3,630 employ fewer than 5 people, so 45.9%. Finish Carpentry Contractors (NAICS 238350, where residential garage and prefabricated door installation is filed) has 32,169 establishments, of which 23,759 employ fewer than 5, so 73.9%. Combined that is 27,389 of 40,076, or 68.3% under 5 employees. Two cautions a reader should carry: NAICS 238350 is Finish Carpentry as a whole, so most of those firms hang trim and cabinets rather than doors, and door installation has no NAICS code of its own at any grain. This is the establishment-size shape of the codes the trade sits in, not a measured count of door contractors, and no such count is published.", "mom_and_pop_share_note_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns 2022, U.S. establishment counts by employment size class for NAICS 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors and NAICS 238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp/datasets/2022/cbp22us.zip (program page: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cbp/data/datasets.html). Code titles and the placement of door installation verified against the Census 2022 NAICS index file, https://www.census.gov/naics/2022NAICS/2022_NAICS_Index_File.xlsx", "top4_firm_share_pct_source_access": "url", "mom_and_pop_share_note_source_access": "url" }, "franchise_pen": { "franchise_penetration_pct": 14, "franchise_penetration_pct_source": "CT Acquisitions / IBISWorld - Garage Doors Business for Sale", "franchise_penetration_pct_research_pass_count": 1, "franchise_penetration_pct_confidence": "adjudicated", "franchise_penetration_year": "2024", "franchise_penetration_pct_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, "formation_rate": { "annual_closure_rate_pct": 10.2, "annual_closure_rate_pct_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS), 2023 release, NAICS 238 Specialty Trade Contractors establishment exit rate (45,865 exits against 453,700 establishments), https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/tables/time-series/2023/bds2023_vcn3.csv (program page: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds.html)", "annual_closure_rate_pct_research_pass_count": 1, "annual_closure_rate_pct_confidence": "low", "survival_5yr_pct": 56.5, "survival_5yr_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics, Table 7: Survival of private sector establishments by opening year, Construction (NAICS 23), establishments opened in the year ended March 2020 surviving to March 2025, https://www.bls.gov/bdm/us_age_naics_23_table7.txt", "survival_5yr_pct_research_pass_count": 1, "survival_5yr_pct_confidence": "low", "formation_rate_note": "No new-firm COUNT is published at this trade's grain, and we are not going to derive one. Census Business Dynamics Statistics publishes establishment entry only down to 4-digit NAICS, and this trade spans two different 4-digit groups: commercial and industrial door work sits in 2382 Building Equipment Contractors, residential door work in 2383 Building Finishing Contractors. Scaling either group's entry count down to the 6-digit code would require assuming entry is spread evenly inside the group, which BDS does not publish and we cannot check, and the residential code is Finish Carpentry as a whole, so most of the firms in it are not door contractors. What IS directly published is the entry RATE for each group in the 2023 BDS release: 10.5% for 2382 (19,076 establishment entries against 183,573 establishments) and 12.5% for 2383 (13,846 against 110,875). Read those as the formation environment around this trade, not as a count of new door contractors.", "formation_rate_note_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Business Dynamics Statistics, 2023 release, establishment entry and entry rate by 4-digit NAICS, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/tables/time-series/2023/bds2023_vcn4.csv (program page: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds.html)", "annual_closure_rate_pct_source_access": "url", "survival_5yr_pct_source_access": "url", "formation_rate_note_source_access": "url" }, "margins": { "gross_margin_pct": 21.8, "gross_margin_pct_source": "CFMA 2024 Construction Financial Benchmarker Executive Summary (2024)", "gross_margin_pct_research_pass_count": 3, "gross_margin_pct_confidence": "adjudicated", "operating_margin_pct": 20.7, "operating_margin_pct_source": "Allegion plc 2024 Form 10-K Annual Report, SEC.gov, https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001579241/000157924125000008/alle-20241231.htm", "operating_margin_pct_research_pass_count": 3, "operating_margin_pct_confidence": "med", "net_margin_pct": 6.9, "net_margin_pct_source": "CFMA Construction Financial Benchmarker Executive Summary (2024), https://cfma.org/articles/cfma-s-2-24-construction-financial-benchmarker-executive-summary", "net_margin_pct_research_pass_count": 3, "net_margin_pct_confidence": "med", "margin_year": "2024", "net_margin_pct_shared_across": 4, "net_margin_pct_note": "This figure is an industry-wide benchmark, not a per-trade measurement: the same value is published for 4 trade or segment records in this dataset. Read it as the specialty-trade baseline, not as a finding that distinguishes this trade from another.", "gross_margin_pct_source_access": "citation-text-only", "operating_margin_pct_source_access": "url", "net_margin_pct_source_access": "url" }, "cost_structure": { "labor_pct_of_revenue": 30, "labor_pct_of_revenue_source": "IBISWorld, Garage Door Installation in the US Industry Analysis (2025), https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/garage-door-installation-industry/; cross-checked against CFMA 2025 Financial Benchmarker, https://cfma.org", "labor_pct_of_revenue_research_pass_count": 2, "labor_pct_of_revenue_confidence": "adjudicated", "materials_pct_of_revenue": 35, "materials_pct_of_revenue_source": "CFMA Financial Benchmarker and IBISWorld Specialty Trade Contractors Data (2025), https://cfma.org", "materials_pct_of_revenue_research_pass_count": 2, "materials_pct_of_revenue_confidence": "adjudicated", "sga_overhead_pct": 14.7, "sga_overhead_pct_source": "Construction Financial Management Association (CFMA) 2025 Construction Financial Benchmarker (Specialty Trade Contractors), https://cfma.org", "sga_overhead_pct_research_pass_count": 3, "sga_overhead_pct_confidence": "adjudicated", "cost_structure_year": "2024-2025", "labor_pct_of_revenue_source_access": "url", "materials_pct_of_revenue_source_access": "url", "sga_overhead_pct_source_access": "url" }, "productivity": { "revenue_per_employee_usd": 248137, "revenue_per_employee_usd_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 Economic Census, https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=EC1723BASIC&n=N000000.238290&tid=ECNBASIC2017.EC1723BASIC", "revenue_per_employee_usd_research_pass_count": 1, "revenue_per_employee_usd_confidence": "adjudicated", "productivity_year": "2023", "revenue_per_employee_usd_source_access": "url" }, "seasonality_econ": { "peak_period_note": "Revenue and installation activity in the doors and access systems industry peak during warm-weather months, specifically the second and third calendar quarters (spring and summer through early fall), driven by elevated levels of residential renovation, commercial building, and new housing construction, while reaching seasonal lows in winter.", "peak_period_note_source": "Griffon Corporation Form 10-K (Annual Report for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2025), https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/43196/000004319625000047/gff-20250930.htm", "cyclicality_note": "The industry is highly cyclical and sensitive to broader economic conditions, interest rate trends, residential single-family housing starts, commercial construction spending, and existing home sales activity. While new construction expenditures fluctuate significantly across economic cycles, repair, maintenance, and replacement demand provides a higher-margin, more resilient baseline buffer during downturns.", "cyclicality_note_source": "Freedonia Group, US Residential Garage & Commercial Overhead Doors Industry Study, 2022, https://www.freedoniagroup.com/industry-study/us-residential-garage-commercial-overhead-doors-4334.htm", "peak_period_note_source_access": "url", "cyclicality_note_source_access": "url" }, "cash_cycle_detail": { "dso_days": 43.51, "dso_days_source": "Janus International Group, Inc. Form 10-K (2023) (cross-checked with CFMA 2024 Construction Financial Benchmarker industry average DSO of 56.6 days, https://cfma.org/benchmarker; https://www.marketbeat.com/stocks/NYSE/JBI/financials/)", "dso_days_research_pass_count": 3, "dso_days_confidence": "med", "dpo_days": 41.37, "dpo_days_source": "Allegion plc Form 10-K / GuruFocus Financial Data (2024), https://www.gurufocus.com/term/dpo/ALLE/Days-Payable/Allegion", "dpo_days_research_pass_count": 3, "dpo_days_confidence": "med", "cash_conversion_cycle_days": 64.8, "cash_conversion_cycle_days_source": "Allegion plc Form 10-K and Investor Presentation, 2019, https://www.allegion.com", "cash_conversion_cycle_days_research_pass_count": 3, "cash_conversion_cycle_days_confidence": "high", "cash_cycle_year": "2023", "dso_days_source_access": "url", "dpo_days_source_access": "url", "cash_conversion_cycle_days_source_access": "url" }, "retainage_liens": { "payment_dispute_pct": 68, "payment_dispute_pct_source": "Construction Financial Management Association (CFMA) Study, 2023, https://www.cfma.org", "payment_dispute_pct_research_pass_count": 1, "payment_dispute_pct_confidence": "low", "lien_frequency_note": "According to CFMA industry data, 65% of subcontractors filed a mechanics lien due to slow payments in 2023, while Levelset's payment reports indicate that 71% of construction businesses have filed a lien over non-payment.", "lien_frequency_note_source": "Construction Financial Management Association (CFMA), 2024, https://www.cfma.org", "retainage_year": "2024", "payment_dispute_pct_source_access": "url", "lien_frequency_note_source_access": "url" }, "bad_debt": { "bad_debt_write_off_pct": 0.33, "bad_debt_write_off_pct_source": "Janus International Group, Inc. 2023 Form 10-K (SEC Filing for Fiscal Year Ended Dec 30, 2023, https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch); cross-checked with Allegion plc 2023 Form 10-K (SEC Filing for Fiscal Year Ended Dec 31, 2023, https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch) and CFMA 2024 Construction Financial Benchmarker (https://cfma.org)", "bad_debt_write_off_pct_research_pass_count": 4, "bad_debt_write_off_pct_confidence": "adjudicated", "collection_rate_pct": 85.1, "collection_rate_pct_source": "The Level Index 2026 Annual Report, Level CFO (2026), https://levelcfo.com/guides/dso-and-collections", "collection_rate_pct_research_pass_count": 4, "collection_rate_pct_confidence": "med", "bad_debt_year": "2023", "collection_rate_pct_shared_across": 23, "collection_rate_pct_note": "This figure is an industry-wide benchmark, not a per-trade measurement: the same value is published for 23 trade or segment records in this dataset. Read it as the specialty-trade baseline, not as a finding that distinguishes this trade from another.", "bad_debt_write_off_pct_source_access": "url", "collection_rate_pct_source_access": "url" }, "ai_task_breakdown": { "pct_physical_onsite_work": 79.5, "pct_physical_onsite_work_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Occupational Requirements Survey (ORS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/ors", "pct_physical_onsite_work_research_pass_count": 3, "pct_physical_onsite_work_confidence": "med", "pct_cognitive_backoffice_work": 20.5, "pct_cognitive_backoffice_work_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Occupational Requirements Survey (ORS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/ors", "pct_cognitive_backoffice_work_research_pass_count": 3, "pct_cognitive_backoffice_work_confidence": "med", "task_breakdown_note": "According to O*NET data for Locksmiths and Safe Repairers (SOC 49-9094.00), physical/on-site work includes installing door hardware and closers, disassembling and repairing mechanical/electronic locking devices, cutting keys, drilling safe locks, and fabricating components. Cognitive/back-office tasks include reading blueprints and specification manuals, planning master key systems, analyzing operational problems, documenting work activities, and managing key and hardware inventory records.", "task_breakdown_note_source": "U.S. Department of Labor, O*NET OnLine (SOC 49-9094.00: Locksmiths and Safe Repairers), 2026, https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/49-9094.00", "ai_resistant_work": "Physical installation, mechanical assembly, and hands-on site service remain heavily resistant to AI automation in the US Doors & Access trade. Key physical tasks include: (1) Structural installation and heavy mounting of residential garage doors, commercial roll-up doors, high-speed industrial doors, automated sliding entries, and gate mechanisms. (2) High-risk mechanical maintenance, such as tensioning heavy-duty torsion springs, balancing door weights, aligning tracks, and performing physical safety sensor testing mandated by ANSI/DASMA safety standards (e.g., ANSI/DASMA 102/115 and UL 325 safety code compliance). (3) Physical wiring of access control panels, mounting biometric readers and electronic locks, and on-site hardware troubleshooting during emergency service calls. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and DASMA reporting highlight a deficit of over 45,000 qualified door service technicians, underscoring that manual trade craft, dexterity, and field problem-solving cannot be duplicated by software.", "ai_resistant_work_source": "ASSA ABLOY Entrance Systems (2025) - https://www.assaabloyentrance.com | SDM Magazine / ASSA ABLOY ecoLOGIC GreenCircle & TÜV SÜD Certifications (2025) - https://www.sdmmag.com | Security Sales & Integration / Acre Security REKS Acquisition (2025) - https://www.securitysales.com | Mordor Intelligence - Garage and Overhead Doors Market Analysis (2026) - https://www.mordorintelligence.com | SecurityInfoWatch - Generative AI in Access Control (2026) - https://www.securityinfowatch.com", "ai_resistant_work_confidence": "low", "automatable_work": "Back-office management, field dispatch, estimating, customer communications, and access control reporting are rapidly being automated by trade-tailored AI software: (1) AI Dispatching & Route Optimization: Intelligent dispatch engines (e.g., FieldCamp AI, Workiz Genius AI, Titan Intelligence) automatically fill daily schedule boards by matching job requirements against technician skill certifications (e.g., spring replacement vs. commercial roll-up expertise), vehicle load capacity, geographic zones, and live traffic data. (2) Automated Call Answering & Customer Booking: 24/7 AI virtual receptionists handle incoming sales calls, text back missed after-hours leads, and auto-book appointments directly into field calendars. (3) Estimating & Quoting Automation: Software generates on-site 'good-better-best' tiered estimates from flat-rate pricebooks, using photos and past equipment records to streamline customer approval and electronic signing. (4) Generative AI System Querying: Natural-language AI models interface with access control databases to eliminate manual log searches, enabling security managers to retrieve instant reports or execute emergency lockdowns via voice commands. (5) Predictive Maintenance & Invoicing: Smart door sensors feed operational telemetry into cloud AI to trigger automated maintenance alerts before breakdowns occur and auto-convert completed job cards into customer invoices.", "automatable_work_source": "ASSA ABLOY Entrance Systems (2025) - https://www.assaabloyentrance.com | SDM Magazine / ASSA ABLOY ecoLOGIC GreenCircle & TÜV SÜD Certifications (2025) - https://www.sdmmag.com | Security Sales & Integration / Acre Security REKS Acquisition (2025) - https://www.securitysales.com | Mordor Intelligence - Garage and Overhead Doors Market Analysis (2026) - https://www.mordorintelligence.com | SecurityInfoWatch - Generative AI in Access Control (2026) - https://www.securityinfowatch.com", "automatable_work_confidence": "low", "pct_physical_onsite_work_source_access": "url", "pct_cognitive_backoffice_work_source_access": "url", "task_breakdown_note_source_access": "url", "ai_resistant_work_source_access": "url", "automatable_work_source_access": "url" }, "automation_physical": { "sources": [ "Dusty Robotics (2026). FieldPrinter Construction Layout Automation. https://www.dustyrobotics.com", "Rugged Robotics (2026). Robot-Powered Multi-Trade Layout for General Construction. https://www.rugged-robotics.com", "Soukup America (2026). Off-Site Construction Robotics and Rough Opening Automation. https://www.soukupamerica.com", "Midwest Economic Policy Institute & University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2018). The Economic Consequences of a Highly Automated Construction Industry.", "McKinsey & Company (2024). Tradespeople wanted: The need for critical trade skills in the US. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/tradespeople-wanted-the-need-for-critical-trade-skills-in-the-us", "Brookings Institution (2026). Understanding automation exposure and worker career value in US labor markets. https://www.brookings.edu", "Door Pro Insider (2025). Current Trends: The State of Robotic Access Control. https://doorproinsider.com" ] }, "fsm_software": { "fsm_adoption_pct": 48, "fsm_adoption_pct_derived": true, "fsm_adoption_pct_source": "Trade Economy Index research synthesis: median of 2 cited research inputs: ServiceTitan, 2024 Commercial Markets Report | ServiceTitan 2026 Commercial Specialty Contractor Industry Report (2026), https://www.servicetitan.com (vendor-published industry report; software-adoption evidence, not independent benchmark research)", "fsm_adoption_pct_research_pass_count": 2, "fsm_adoption_pct_confidence": "med", "dominant_fsm_software": "ServiceTitan", "dominant_fsm_software_source": "Deelo.ai (2026), https://deelo.ai", "fsm_adoption_year": "2026", "fsm_adoption_pct_source_access": "url", "dominant_fsm_software_source_access": "url" }, "accounting_tech": { "common_accounting_software": "In the US specialty trade contractor sector (including doors and access control contractors), the most common accounting systems are Intuit QuickBooks (widely used by small to midsize contractors), Sage platforms (Sage 100 Contractor, Sage 300 CRE, and Sage Intacct for Specialty Contractors, cited by 21.3% of contractors), Foundation Software (purpose-built for self-performing trade contractors requiring job costing and service management), and Deltek ComputerEase.", "common_accounting_software_source": "Building Design+Construction / JBKnowledge 10th Annual Construction Technology Report (2022), Projul Construction Accounting Industry Analysis (2025)", "integration_gap_note": "A significant field-to-accounting integration gap persists across construction and specialty trade contractors: 47% of construction decision-makers describe their operational systems as only moderately integrated, and 72% report spending excessive time managing data because their field and back-office tools do not communicate (Intuit 2026 Study). Additionally, over 50% of contractors report manually transferring data between non-integrated software applications, 43% rely on spreadsheets to bridge data transfers, 15.3% do not transfer data between apps at all, and only 5.5% have achieved full integration across all software applications (JBKnowledge Construction Technology Report).", "integration_gap_note_source": "Intuit 2026 Construction Profitability Report / ForConstructionPros (2026), https://www.forconstructionpros.com/business/article/22915077/intuit-quickbooks-bridging-the-construction-data-gap-with-integrated-operations; JBKnowledge 10th Annual Construction Technology Report / Building Design+Construction (2022)", "common_accounting_software_source_access": "citation-text-only", "integration_gap_note_source_access": "url" }, "ai_adoption": { "ai_adoption_rate_pct": 51, "ai_adoption_rate_pct_source": "Parks Associates, Security Dealers Perspectives & Connected Home Study, 2025, https://www.parksassociates.com", "ai_adoption_rate_pct_research_pass_count": 1, "ai_adoption_rate_pct_confidence": "low", "ai_adoption_year": "2026", "adoption_examples": "Documented examples and studies of AI adoption in the door and access control industry include: (1) ASSA ABLOY ecoLOGIC (2025): ASSA ABLOY introduced an AI-driven software layer for automatic sliding doors that evaluates foot traffic and ambient weather in real time to dynamically adjust door speeds and hold-open times. The solution reduces door opening cycles by 2-7%, saves up to 14,000 kWh per entrance annually, and earned GreenCircle Certification and TÜV SÜD's 'Low-Risk AI' designation. (2) Acre Security / REKS.ai Acquisition (2025): Global security provider Acre Security acquired REKS.ai to integrate access-control-specific generative AI into its platform, allowing security administrators to use natural-language queries (e.g., 'Show me all access denied events at the data center last month') and execute voice-activated emergency lockdowns. (3) Field Service Management (FSM) AI Tools (2024-2026): FSM software vendors like FieldCamp and Workiz introduced AI dispatcher and call assistant modules purpose-built for garage and door service contractors to optimize multi-truck dispatching and quote generation. (4) Smart Door & Operator Analytics: Research from Mordor Intelligence notes that leading door manufacturers like Clopay are embedding AI analytics into connected door operators, offering property owners automated maintenance alerts, usage dashboards, and energy management features.", "adoption_examples_source": "ASSA ABLOY Entrance Systems (2025) - https://www.assaabloyentrance.com | SDM Magazine / ASSA ABLOY ecoLOGIC GreenCircle & TÜV SÜD Certifications (2025) - https://www.sdmmag.com | Security Sales & Integration / Acre Security REKS Acquisition (2025) - https://www.securitysales.com | Mordor Intelligence - Garage and Overhead Doors Market Analysis (2026) - https://www.mordorintelligence.com | SecurityInfoWatch - Generative AI in Access Control (2026) - https://www.securityinfowatch.com", "adoption_examples_confidence": "low", "ai_adoption_rate_pct_source_access": "url", "adoption_examples_source_access": "url" }, "leadgen_platforms": { "marketplace_penetration_pct": 1.5, "marketplace_penetration_pct_source": "Angi Inc. Q1 2026 Earnings Call Transcript & Shareholder Letter (May 2026, https://www.angi.com / https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/05/06/angi-angi-q1-2026-earnings-call-transcript/) and Angi Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (February 2026, https://www.sec.gov). Angi reports capturing under 1.5% overall share of the $700B US residential home services TAM (and 3%-4% of small service pros with under 10 employees), noting overall digital marketplace penetration across home service trades remains low with the vast majority of consumers searching and hiring offline.", "marketplace_penetration_pct_research_pass_count": 5, "marketplace_penetration_pct_confidence": "med", "platform_take_rate_pct": 10, "platform_take_rate_pct_source": "Angi Inc. Q1 2026 Earnings Call Transcript (May 2026, https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/05/06/angi-angi-q1-2026-earnings-call-transcript/). Angi leadership confirms a current platform take rate of approximately 10%, based on pros paying ~$50 per lead on an average job value of ~$4,000 where pros win approximately 1 in 7 to 8 leads.", "platform_take_rate_pct_research_pass_count": 5, "platform_take_rate_pct_confidence": "med", "platforms_note": "Major lead-generation platforms active in doors & access trades include Angi (Angi Leads/HomeAdvisor), Thumbtack, and Google Local Services Ads (LSAs). For garage door and specialty door contractors, shared lead costs typically range from $35 to $75 per lead on Angi and $25 to $75 on Thumbtack, with standard marketplace leads distributed simultaneously to 3-5 competing contractors per inquiry.", "platforms_note_source": "LeadTruffle US Trade Analysis (2026, https://leadtruffle.co); Pipeline On Contractor Lead Gen Benchmark (2026, https://pipelineon.com); Auto-Respond Trade Pricing Analysis (2026, https://auto-respond.com)", "marketplace_penetration_pct_shared_across": 11, "marketplace_penetration_pct_note": "This figure is an industry-wide benchmark, not a per-trade measurement: the same value is published for 11 trade or segment records in this dataset. Read it as the specialty-trade baseline, not as a finding that distinguishes this trade from another.", "platform_take_rate_pct_shared_across": 13, "platform_take_rate_pct_note": "This figure is an industry-wide benchmark, not a per-trade measurement: the same value is published for 13 trade or segment records in this dataset. Read it as the specialty-trade baseline, not as a finding that distinguishes this trade from another.", "marketplace_penetration_pct_source_access": "url", "platform_take_rate_pct_source_access": "url", "platforms_note_source_access": "url" }, "acquisition_mix": { "pct_referral": 59, "pct_referral_source": "Houzz & Home Survey, 2024, https://www.houzz.com", "pct_referral_research_pass_count": 1, "pct_referral_confidence": "low", "pct_digital": 35.5, "pct_digital_derived": true, "pct_digital_source": "Trade Economy Index research synthesis: median of 2 cited research inputs: Houzz & Home Survey, 2023, https://www.houzz.com | PYMNTS Intelligence SMB Growth Monitor: Construction Industry Benchmark, 2026, https://www.pymnts.com", "pct_digital_research_pass_count": 2, "pct_digital_confidence": "med", "pct_marketplace": 28, "pct_marketplace_source": "Home Services Marketing Report (2025) - https://rudys.ai", "pct_marketplace_research_pass_count": 3, "pct_marketplace_confidence": "adjudicated", "pct_repeat": 60, "pct_repeat_source": "ResultCalls Garage Door Service Market & Customer Retention Study, 2026, https://resultcalls.com", "pct_repeat_research_pass_count": 1, "pct_repeat_confidence": "low", "acquisition_year": "2023-2025", "pct_marketplace_shared_across": 4, "pct_marketplace_note": "This figure is an industry-wide benchmark, not a per-trade measurement: the same value is published for 4 trade or segment records in this dataset. Read it as the specialty-trade baseline, not as a finding that distinguishes this trade from another.", "pct_referral_source_access": "url", "pct_digital_source_access": "url", "pct_marketplace_source_access": "url", "pct_repeat_source_access": "url" }, "insurance_warranty": { "home_warranty_penetration_pct": 6, "home_warranty_penetration_pct_source": "Frontdoor, Inc. Form 10-K (2025), SEC, https://www.sec.gov", "home_warranty_penetration_pct_research_pass_count": 5, "home_warranty_penetration_pct_confidence": "med", "intermediation_note": "Home warranty companies intermediate the contractor-customer relationship by receiving customer service requests, conducting virtual/digital diagnostics, and dispatching jobs directly to a network of independent preferred contractors (who complete ~84% of service requests). They set fixed service call fees paid by homeowners, establish standardized reimbursement rates and repair/replacement authorizations for contractors, and manage customer retention and claims support, preventing direct price negotiation between contractors and customers.", "intermediation_note_source": "Frontdoor, Inc. Form 10-K (2025), SEC, https://www.sec.gov", "home_warranty_penetration_pct_shared_across": 6, "home_warranty_penetration_pct_note": "This figure is an industry-wide benchmark, not a per-trade measurement: the same value is published for 6 trade or segment records in this dataset. Read it as the specialty-trade baseline, not as a finding that distinguishes this trade from another.", "home_warranty_penetration_pct_source_access": "url", "intermediation_note_source_access": "url" }, "recurring_mix": { "recurring_revenue_pct": 6, "recurring_revenue_pct_source": "ASSA ABLOY Q3 2025 Earnings Report / Security Systems News (2025)", "recurring_revenue_pct_research_pass_count": 3, "recurring_revenue_pct_confidence": "med", "service_agreement_attach_pct": 11, "service_agreement_attach_pct_source": "SDR Ventures 2024 Home Services Scorecard, https://sdrventures.com", "service_agreement_attach_pct_research_pass_count": 1, "service_agreement_attach_pct_confidence": "low", "recurring_note": "Most independent US garage door operators generate under 10% of total revenue from recurring service agreements, whereas private equity consolidators target 15%-25%. Businesses with over 20% commercial overhead door contract revenue command a 0.5x to 1.0x EBITDA valuation multiple premium.", "recurring_note_source": "CT Acquisitions Garage Door Valuation & M&A Guide (2026), https://ctacquisitions.com/garage-door-business-valuation", "recurring_revenue_pct_source_access": "citation-text-only", "service_agreement_attach_pct_source_access": "url", "recurring_note_source_access": "url" }, "contract_terms": { "typical_contract_length_months": 36, "typical_contract_length_months_source": "ASSA ABLOY Q4 Interim Report, 2025, https://www.assaabloy.com", "typical_contract_length_months_research_pass_count": 5, "typical_contract_length_months_confidence": "med", "renewal_rate_pct": 89, "renewal_rate_pct_source": "Securitas AB Annual Report (2026), https://www.securitasmedia.com", "renewal_rate_pct_research_pass_count": 3, "renewal_rate_pct_confidence": "med", "stickiness_note": "Automatic-door maintenance, software, credentials, and managed access tools create high customer stickiness and recurring revenue. Customer lock-in is driven by proprietary ecosystem integration across physical door hardware and access management software, high switching costs, and ongoing safety and code compliance requirements.", "stickiness_note_source": "Allegion plc Strategic & SEC Filings Overview, 2024, https://www.allegion.com", "typical_contract_length_months_source_access": "url", "renewal_rate_pct_source_access": "url", "stickiness_note_source_access": "url" }, "cross_sell": { "upsell_attach_pct": 11, "upsell_attach_pct_source": "SDR Ventures 2024 Home Services Scorecard (sampled 38 US garage door companies; median planned maintenance service attach rate is 11%, top-quartile 22%-34%), cross-checked against CT Acquisitions 2026 LOI Tracker (https://ctacquisitions.com) and Omdia 2023/2025 Physical Access Control Report / Informa (https://www.informa.com).", "upsell_attach_pct_research_pass_count": 5, "upsell_attach_pct_confidence": "med", "cross_sell_note": "Adjacent-service expansion norms in the US Doors & Access trade focus on converting emergency repair calls into complete replacement sales, upselling standard sections to high-R-value insulated doors, integrating smart IoT access control openers, and attaching recurring planned maintenance (PM) service agreements.", "cross_sell_note_source": "Door & Access Systems Manufacturers Association (DASMA) / Door & Access Systems Newsmagazine, 2024, https://www.dasma.com", "upsell_attach_pct_source_access": "url", "cross_sell_note_source_access": "url" }, "capital_intensity": { "startup_cost_usd": 262289.5, "startup_cost_usd_source": "Neighborly, Precision Garage Door Service Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) Item 7, 2026", "startup_cost_usd_research_pass_count": 5, "startup_cost_usd_confidence": "med", "capex_pct_of_revenue": 2.41, "capex_pct_of_revenue_source": "Allegion plc Form 10-K / Q4 & Full-Year Financial Results (2025/2026), https://investor.allegion.com", "capex_pct_of_revenue_research_pass_count": 5, "capex_pct_of_revenue_confidence": "med", "equipment_note": "Capital expenditures in the doors and access trade are primarily driven by outfitted service truck fleets ($50,000 to $80,000 per vehicle including chassis, racking, parts, and specialized tools), torsion spring equipment, fast-turning replacement inventory (panels, springs, openers), and light warehouse/shop facility space.", "equipment_note_source": "CT Acquisitions, 2026, https://www.ctacquisitions.com/garage-door-business-valuation-what-drives-premium-pricing", "startup_cost_usd_source_access": "citation-text-only", "capex_pct_of_revenue_source_access": "url", "equipment_note_source_access": "url" }, "regulatory_burden": { "permit_burden_note": "Operators and installers in the U.S. Doors & Access trade face stringent local permit, code, and safety compliance requirements. Overhead and commercial door installations must comply with International Building Code (IBC), International Residential Code (IRC), and UL 325 safety standards for automatic operators. In coastal and high-wind regions under the Florida Building Code (8th Edition 2023), operators must calculate location-specific Design Pressure (DP) ratings according to ASCE 7, submit Florida Product Approval or Miami-Dade Notice of Acceptance (NOA) documentation, obtain municipal building permits, and undergo mandatory post-installation code inspections.", "permit_burden_note_source": "Florida Building Code 8th Edition (2023) / Access Impact (2026), https://accessimpact.com", "compliance_cost_note": "Municipal building permit and inspection fees generally cost operators and property owners $150 to $500 per installation. Code compliance drives substantial equipment and testing expenses: High Velocity Hurricane Zone (HVHZ) certified impact-rated garage doors cost between $4,500 and $12,000 installed, carrying a 15% to 25% price premium over basic wind-rated models due to required large-missile impact testing (e.g., 9-lb 2x4 at 50 fps) and cyclic pressure testing under ANSI/DASMA 108 and ANSI/DASMA 115 standards.", "compliance_cost_note_source": "Access Impact (2026) / FL Garage Pros (2026) / Door & Access Systems Manufacturers Association (DASMA, 2024), https://accessimpact.com", "regulatory_tailwind_note": "Energy efficiency standards in the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC 2021/2024) and ASHRAE 90.1 mandate third-party certified assembly U-factors (e.g., maximum 0.31 BTU/h·ft²·°F for commercial doors) and air leakage limits (0.40 CFM/ft² for sectional garage doors tested to ANSI/DASMA 105/112), phasing out legacy R-value ratings and driving demand for high-efficiency insulated door replacements. On safety mandates, California Senate Bill 969 (enacted 2018, effective July 1, 2019) requires all residential automatic garage door openers sold or installed in California to feature a working battery backup function (under threat of a $1,000 civil penalty per non-compliant unit), creating forced opener upgrades during door or motor replacement projects.", "regulatory_tailwind_note_source": "Door & Access Systems Manufacturers Association (DASMA, 2024) / California State Legislature SB 969 (2018), https://www.dasma.com", "permit_burden_note_source_access": "url", "compliance_cost_note_source_access": "url", "regulatory_tailwind_note_source_access": "url" }, "data_assets": { "iot_telemetry_penetration_pct": 11, "iot_telemetry_penetration_pct_source": "Parks Associates, 2026", "iot_telemetry_penetration_pct_research_pass_count": 3, "iot_telemetry_penetration_pct_confidence": "adjudicated", "data_assets_note": "The US doors and access trade accumulates structured asset and job telemetry including open/close cycle counts, motor current signatures and operating draw, travel/speed sensor outputs, real-time door status, diagnostic fault and error messages, time-stamped access credential logs, and preventative maintenance service records.", "data_assets_note_source": "Chamberlain Group / myQ Facility, 2024, https://www.myq.com", "iot_telemetry_penetration_pct_source_access": "citation-text-only", "data_assets_note_source_access": "url" }, "consolidation": { "consolidation_activity": "The US Doors & Access trade is experiencing highly active and intense private-equity roll-up and buy-and-build consolidation, with PE sponsors comparing the sector's fragmentation and cash-flow characteristics to HVAC roll-ups. According to PitchBook data, private-equity-backed acquisitions and add-ons in the US garage and overhead door sector reached a record 29 deals in 2024 and maintained high momentum with 26 deals in 2025. Industry research from FMI Consulting indicates that over 90% of the 15,000+ independent US operators generate under $10 million in revenue, creating a target-rich landscape that has spurred over 30 transactions and more than 10 new PE platform formations since 2022. Valuations for scaled platforms have reached historic highs (ranging from 12x to 16x EBITDA), driven by non-discretionary repair and maintenance demand, strong EBITDA margins, and expansion into dock equipment and integrated access controls.", "consolidation_activity_source": "PitchBook (2026) 'PE hopes garage door roll-ups will be the new HVAC' (https://pitchbook.com/news/articles/PE-hopes-garage-door-roll-ups-will-be-the-new-HVAC); FMI Consulting (2026) 'Executive Summary: Overhead & Garage Door Services' (https://fmicorp.com)", "notable_platforms": "Notable PE platforms and public-company acquirers operating in the US Doors & Access trade include: (1) Guild Garage Group - backed by Oak Hill Capital following an $800M+ acquisition in April 2026 (~16x EBITDA multiple), having completed over 25 add-ons; (2) DuraServ - acquired by Leonard Green & Partners in 2024 at a high-teens EBITDA multiple; (3) US Dock & Door - backed by Soundcore Capital Partners (formed in September 2023; acquired Garage Headquarters in 2025 and 5+ add-ons); (4) GarageCo Holdings - backed by Gridiron Capital (formed in March 2024); (5) North American Door & Dock - formed by Guardian Capital Partners in June 2024; (6) The Cook & Boardman Group - backed by Platinum Equity and Littlejohn & Co. (distributor and integrator of commercial doors and electronic access control); (7) Guardian Access Solutions - backed by CenterOak Partners (acquired in September 2023); (8) Dillard Companies - backed by Shore Capital Partners (partnered in August 2025); and (9) Nucor Corporation (NYSE: NUE) / C.H.I. Overhead Doors - acquired by public manufacturer Nucor from KKR in June 2022 for $3.0B.", "notable_platforms_source": "PitchBook (2026) 'PE hopes garage door roll-ups will be the new HVAC' (https://pitchbook.com/news/articles/PE-hopes-garage-door-roll-ups-will-be-the-new-HVAC); Business Wire / Guardian Capital Partners Press Release (2024) 'Guardian Capital Partners Announces Formation of North American Door & Dock' (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240626359873/en/Guardian-Capital-Partners-Announces-Formation-of-North-American-Door-Dock-with-Initial-Acquisition-of-American-Overhead-Door-Dock-LLC); PE Professional (2025) 'Soundcore Continues US Dock & Door Build' ; Shore Capital Partners Press Release (2025) 'Shore Capital Partners Partners with Dillard Companies'", "sources": [ "https://pitchbook.com/news/articles/PE-hopes-garage-door-roll-ups-will-be-the-new-HVAC", "", "https://fmicorp.com", "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240626359873/en/Guardian-Capital-Partners-Announces-Formation-of-North-American-Door-Dock-with-Initial-Acquisition-of-American-Overhead-Door-Dock-LLC", "", "" ], "consolidation_activity_source_access": "url", "notable_platforms_source_access": "url" }, "multiples": { "typical_ebitda_multiple_low": 3.5, "typical_ebitda_multiple_low_source": "CT Acquisitions, Garage Door Business Valuation (2026) - https://ctacquisitions.com/garage-door-business-valuation", "typical_ebitda_multiple_low_research_pass_count": 3, "typical_ebitda_multiple_low_confidence": "med", "typical_ebitda_multiple_high": 9, "typical_ebitda_multiple_high_source": "CT Acquisitions, Garage Door Business Valuation (2026) - https://ctacquisitions.com/garage-door-business-valuation", "typical_ebitda_multiple_high_research_pass_count": 3, "typical_ebitda_multiple_high_confidence": "med", "multiple_year": "2026", "typical_ebitda_multiple_low_source_access": "url", "typical_ebitda_multiple_high_source_access": "url" }, "exit_environment": { "buyer_demand": "Current buyer demand for US Doors & Access businesses is exceptionally strong, driven by active private equity sponsors and strategic consolidators seeking platform builds and add-on acquisitions in a highly fragmented industry where over 90% of operators generate under $10 million in annual revenue (Brown Gibbons Lang & Company, 2025, https://www.dasma.com; FMI Corporation, 2025, https://www.fmicorp.com). According to Capstone Partners (2026, https://www.capstonepartners.com), sector deal volume surged 24.1% year-over-year in 2025 to 242 transactions, with private equity add-ons representing 45.9% of dealmaking and average industry EBITDA multiples reaching 11.8x. What buyers value most in this trade includes: (1) high-margin recurring and reoccurring repair/maintenance contracts, (2) non-discretionary replacement and emergency repair demand, (3) broad service capabilities (integrating overhead doors with dock equipment, entry gates, and commercial access control), and (4) modern technology integration, such as smart connected controllers and cloud-based security monitoring (Brown Gibbons Lang & Company, 2025, https://www.dasma.com; FMI Corporation, 2025, https://www.fmicorp.com; Capstone Partners, 2026, https://www.capstonepartners.com).", "buyer_demand_source": "Brown Gibbons Lang & Company (2025, https://www.dasma.com); Capstone Partners (2026, https://www.capstonepartners.com); FMI Corporation (2025, https://www.fmicorp.com)", "exit_trend": "The exit trend for US Doors & Access business owners is heating up rapidly. Industry consolidation has accelerated with over 10 private-equity-backed platform formations established since 2022, such as Guild Garage Group (25+ acquisitions) and GarageCo Holdings / Gridiron Capital, and more than 30 add-on transactions executed across residential and commercial door services (FMI Corporation, 2025, https://www.fmicorp.com). Capstone Partners (2026, https://www.capstonepartners.com) highlights a 24.1% YOY surge in M&A volume entering 2026, while Lincoln International (2026, https://www.lincolninternational.com) notes that facilities services and commercial security M&A remain strong with valuation trading multiples averaging 15.6x EV/EBITDA, supported by record private capital dry powder and mission-critical cash flows.", "exit_trend_source": "Capstone Partners (2026, https://www.capstonepartners.com); FMI Corporation (2025, https://www.fmicorp.com); Lincoln International (2026, https://www.lincolninternational.com)", "sources": [ "Brown Gibbons Lang & Company (2025) - M&A in Access Control and Automated Entry Systems - https://www.dasma.com", "Capstone Partners (2026) - Security Solutions M&A Report - https://www.capstonepartners.com", "FMI Corporation (2025) - Overhead and Garage Door Services Market Analysis - https://www.fmicorp.com", "Lincoln International (2026) - Facilities Services & Security M&A Update - https://www.lincolninternational.com" ], "buyer_demand_source_access": "url", "exit_trend_source_access": "url" }, "demand_drivers": { "installed_base_units": 132500000, "installed_base_units_source": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), 2024 (released March 2026), https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential", "installed_base_units_research_pass_count": 5, "installed_base_units_confidence": "med", "replacement_vs_new_note": "In the US doors and access industry, elevated interest rates and mortgage costs have curbed new residential construction, prompting manufacturers and service providers to lean heavily on repair, maintenance, and replacement channels in aging housing stock to offset lower sales tied to new homebuilding.", "replacement_vs_new_note_source": "IBISWorld, 2026, https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/garage-door-manufacturing-industry", "demand_drivers_note": "Primary demand drivers for the US doors and access market include residential and commercial construction activity, interest and mortgage rates affecting housing starts, home renovation and remodeling spending on aging building stock, smart technology and access control adoption, energy efficiency upgrades, and fluctuations in raw material input costs.", "demand_drivers_note_source": "IBISWorld, 2026, https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/garage-door-manufacturing-industry", "installed_base_units_source_access": "url", "replacement_vs_new_note_source_access": "url", "demand_drivers_note_source_access": "url" }, "macro_correlation": { "housing_correlation_note": "Residential door demand demonstrates a strong positive correlation with housing starts and private residential construction spending. Exterior and interior door installations closely track single-family and multi-family completions, while residential maintenance and remodeling spending drives replacement door demand. As of the U.S. Census Bureau's July 2026 report, privately-owned housing starts reached a seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) of 1,427,000 units in June 2026 (with single-family starts at 895,000), while total private residential construction spending was recorded at a SAAR of $930.2 billion in May 2026.", "housing_correlation_note_source": "U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2026), 'New Residential Construction in June 2026' and 'Monthly Construction Spending (May 2026)', https://www.census.gov/construction/nrc/ and https://www.census.gov/construction/c30/c30index.html", "commercial_correlation_note": "Commercial door and access control system demand correlates with private nonresidential construction spending and institutional development across commercial, office, health care, and manufacturing sectors. Commercial access system cycles track nonresidential building completions and security/retrofit upgrades, with private nonresidential construction spending standing at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $738.7 billion in May 2026 within a total construction spending rate of $2,210.2 billion.", "commercial_correlation_note_source": "U.S. Census Bureau (2026), 'Value of Construction Put in Place Survey (May 2026 Release)', https://www.census.gov/construction/c30/c30index.html", "climate_sensitivity_note": "Demand for specialized exterior doors and access systems shows significant sensitivity to climate and weather drivers. According to U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) building performance studies, exterior doors are major air infiltration and exfiltration points in building thermal envelopes. DOE energy conservation guidance and the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) drive regional demand for insulated, weatherstripped, air-sealed, and impact-resistant entry doors to manage heating and cooling loads across DOE climate zones and withstand extreme weather events.", "climate_sensitivity_note_source": "U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (2024), 'Air Sealing Your Home'", "housing_correlation_note_source_access": "url", "commercial_correlation_note_source_access": "url", "climate_sensitivity_note_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, "search_interest": { "yoy_search_change_pct": 8, "yoy_search_change_pct_confidence": "high" }, "cust_acquisition": { "typical_cac_usd": 198, "typical_cac_usd_source": "SearchLight Digital (2026), Garage Door LSA & Google Ads Benchmark Report", "typical_cac_usd_research_pass_count": 5, "typical_cac_usd_confidence": "adjudicated", "avg_review_volume": 47, "avg_review_volume_source": "BrightLocal (2025), Local Consumer Review Survey & Local 3-Pack Benchmarks, https://www.brightlocal.com/research/local-consumer-review-survey", "avg_review_volume_research_pass_count": 4, "avg_review_volume_confidence": "med", "complaint_categories": "Service or Repair Issues, Billing Issues, Customer Service Issues, Product Issues, Order Issues", "complaint_categories_source": "Better Business Bureau (BBB) US Industry Statistics, 2024, https://www.bbb.org", "typical_cac_usd_source_access": "citation-text-only", "avg_review_volume_source_access": "url", "complaint_categories_source_access": "url" } }, "subtrade": {}, "segments": { "bands": [ { "band": "0-1M", "band_label": "under $1M annual revenue (owner-operator / very small shop)", "metrics": { "dso_days": { "value": 30, "source": "CT Acquisitions 2026 https://ctacquisitions.com", "confidence": "low", "basis": "Standard accounts receivable collection period for garage door service operations", "source_access": "url" }, "recurring_rev_pct": { "value": 11, "source": "SDR Ventures 2024 https://ctacquisitions.com", "confidence": "low", "basis": "Median planned maintenance revenue attach rate for garage door contractors", "source_access": "url" } } }, { "band": "1-5M", "band_label": "$1M to $5M annual revenue (small established contractor)", "metrics": { "gross_margin_pct": { "value": 22.4, "source": "CFMA 2024 https://cfma.org", "confidence": "low", "basis": "Specialty Trade contractors gross profit margin industry-wide", "source_access": "url" }, "collection_rate_pct": { "value": 85.1, "source": "Level CFO analysis of 464 contractors, https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/contractor", "confidence": "low", "basis": "Median cash collected as a percentage of amounts billed, n=464 companies", "source_access": "url" }, "dso_days": { "value": 56.6, "source": "CFMA 2024 https://cfma.org", "confidence": "low", "basis": "Average days in accounts receivable / DSO for construction contractors", "source_access": "url" }, "recurring_rev_pct": { "value": 15, "source": "CT Acquisitions 2026 https://ctacquisitions.com", "confidence": "high", "basis": "Commercial overhead door service and maintenance contract revenue share for $5M door contractor", "source_access": "url" } } }, { "band": "5-20M", "band_label": "$5M to $20M annual revenue (mid-market, multi-crew)", "metrics": { "gross_margin_pct": { "value": 22.4, "source": "Construction Financial Management Association 2024 https://cfma.org", "confidence": "med", "basis": "Gross profit margin for Specialty Trade Contractors in CFMA 2024 Financial Benchmarker", "source_access": "url" }, "collection_rate_pct": { "value": 85.1, "source": "Level CFO analysis of 464 contractors, https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/contractor", "confidence": "low", "basis": "Median cash collected as a percentage of amounts billed, n=464 companies", "source_access": "url" }, "dso_days": { "value": 56.6, "source": "Construction Financial Management Association 2024 https://cfma.org", "confidence": "med", "basis": "Average Days Sales Outstanding in accounts receivable in CFMA 2024 Financial Benchmarker", "source_access": "url" }, "recurring_rev_pct": { "value": 11, "source": "SDR Ventures 2024 https://ctacquisitions.com", "confidence": "high", "basis": "Median recurring planned maintenance revenue share for door and access contractors", "source_access": "url" } } }, { "band": "20M+", "band_label": "over $20M annual revenue (large / regional / PE-backed)", "metrics": { "gross_margin_pct": { "value": 22.4, "source": "Construction Financial Management Association (CFMA) 2024 https://cfma.org", "confidence": "med", "basis": "Gross profit margin percentage for Specialty Trade contractors in CFMA 2024 Financial Benchmarker", "source_access": "url" }, "collection_rate_pct": { "value": 85.1, "source": "Level CFO analysis of 464 contractors, https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/contractor", "confidence": "low", "basis": "Median cash collected as a percentage of amounts billed, n=464 companies", "source_access": "url" }, "dso_days": { "value": 56.6, "source": "Construction Financial Management Association (CFMA) 2024 https://cfma.org", "confidence": "med", "basis": "Average Days Sales Outstanding in accounts receivable for contractors in CFMA 2024 Financial Benchmarker", "source_access": "url" }, "recurring_rev_pct": { "value": 11, "source": "SDR Ventures 2024 https://ctacquisitions.com", "confidence": "low", "basis": "Median recurring planned maintenance contract revenue share for door and access system dealers", "source_access": "url" } } } ] }, "geo": { "states": [ { "name": "Alabama", "where": "AL", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 21.39, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -21.04, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "license_regime": "Alabama does not issue a single trade license for door and access installation. Commercial construction projects valued at $100,000 or more require a General Contractor license from the Alabama Licensing Board for General Contractors (ALBGC). Residential construction or remodeling exceeding $10,000 requires a license from the Alabama Home Builders Licensure Board (AHBLB), which offers Unlimited, Limited, and Roofer tiers. Projects falling below these monetary thresholds are governed by local municipal or county business licensing and trade permitting requirements.", "license_source": "Alabama Licensing Board for General Contractors, 2026, https://genconbd.alabama.gov", "bonding_requirement": "For general contractors (ALBGC), applicants must show a minimum net worth and working capital of $10,000. If an applicant's working capital is insufficient for their desired bid-limit classification, a surety bond must be posted equal to the deficit plus the required capital for that bid limit. Residential home improvement contractors under AHBLB must maintain a minimum of $100,000 in general liability insurance as well as workers' compensation coverage.", "bonding_source": "Alabama Licensing Board for General Contractors, 2026, https://genconbd.alabama.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to the BLS OEWS May 2023 data, Alabama employed 6,080 workers in the Carpenters trade (SOC 47-2031), representing an employment density of 2.964 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 0.64 compared to the U.S. average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_al.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 21.39 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Alaska", "where": "AK", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 29.9, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 10.37, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ak.htm", "license_regime": "State-level contractor registration is required in Alaska through the Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development (DCCED) Division of Corporations, Business and Professional Licensing. Door and access work falls under the Specialty Contractor registration (limited to a maximum of three trade categories), General Contractor registration, or Handyman Contractor registration (for projects with aggregate costs of $10,000 or less).", "license_source": "Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development (DCCED) Division of Corporations, Business and Professional Licensing, 2024, https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/cbpl/ProfessionalLicensing/ConstructionContractors.aspx", "bonding_requirement": "Surety bond of $10,000 for Specialty Contractors ($25,000 for General Contractors, $20,000 for Residential Contractors, or $5,000 for Handyman Contractors). General liability insurance minimums are $20,000 for property damage, $50,000 for injury/death to one person, and $100,000 for injury/death to more than one person, alongside statutory Workers' Compensation insurance if employing staff.", "bonding_source": "Alaska Statutes AS 08.18.071 and AS 08.18.101 / Alaska DCCED Division of Corporations, Business and Professional Licensing, 2024, https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/cbpl/ProfessionalLicensing/ConstructionContractors.aspx", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS data, Alaska had an estimated 2,470 total employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031) in May 2023, representing a location quotient of 1.72 (72% higher concentration of trade employment per 1,000 jobs than the national average).", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ak.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 29.9 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Arizona", "where": "AZ", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 24.12, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -10.96, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS State and National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_az.htm", "license_regime": "A state-level license issued by the Arizona Registrar of Contractors (AZ ROC) is required for any construction, installation, or repair work exceeding $1,000 in value (or requiring a building permit). Arizona offers three primary licensing tiers: Commercial, Residential, and Dual (covering both commercial and residential). Doors & Access work falls under specialty classifications such as R-7 Carpentry (Residential), C-07 Carpentry (Commercial), or CR-7 Carpentry (Dual).", "license_source": "Arizona Registrar of Contractors (AZ ROC), 2026, https://roc.az.gov", "bonding_requirement": "AZ ROC requires a continuous surety bond or cash deposit scaled to anticipated annual gross volume and classification: Commercial Specialty bonds range from $2,500 (volume <= $150k) to $50,000 (volume > $10M); Residential Specialty bonds range from $4,250 (volume < $375k) to $7,500 (volume >= $375k). Residential and Dual licensees must also participate in the Residential Contractors' Recovery Fund ($370 assessment) or post an additional $200,000 surety bond.", "bonding_source": "Arizona Revised Statutes § 32-1152 & Arizona Registrar of Contractors, 2026, https://www.azleg.gov/ars/32/01152.htm", "market_size_or_density_note": "Arizona employs approximately 14,020 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) with an employment density of 4.48 jobs per 1,000 total jobs in the state.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (Arizona), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_az.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 24.12 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Arkansas", "where": "AR", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 21.58, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -20.34, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ar.htm", "license_regime": "State-level contractor licensing is required in Arkansas through the Arkansas Contractors Licensing Board (ACLB) for commercial projects valued at $50,000 or more and residential projects over $2,000. Tiers include Commercial Contractor, Residential Builder, Residential Remodeler (Limited under $50,000 and Unlimited), and Home Improvement Specialty License (Limited under $50,000 and Unlimited, covering specialty trade work such as doors, windows, and finish carpentry). Specialty home improvement licensees are exempt from the state Business & Law exam.", "license_source": "Arkansas Contractors Licensing Board (ACLB), Department of Labor and Licensing, 2024, https://aclb.arkansas.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Commercial contractors must post a $10,000 contractor surety bond. Licensing requires meeting minimum net worth thresholds ($10,000 net worth for specialty/limited, $50,000 for commercial). Workers' compensation insurance is required for contractors with 1 or more employees, and proof of general liability insurance is required for residential builders and home improvement license holders.", "bonding_source": "Arkansas Contractors Licensing Board (ACLB), Department of Labor and Licensing, 2024, https://aclb.arkansas.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS data, Arkansas had an estimated 2,950 total employed Carpenters (SOC 47-2031) in May 2023, representing an employment density of 2.323 per 1,000 jobs in the state (Location Quotient of 0.50).", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ar.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 21.58 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "California", "where": "CA", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 32.87, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 21.34, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ca.htm", "license_regime": "A state-level license issued by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) is required for any trade work where labor and materials total $500 or more. The specific classification for this trade is Class C-61 (Limited Specialty) with subclassification D-28 (Doors, Gates and Actuating Devices Contractor). Requirements include at least 4 years of journey-level experience and passing the CSLB Law and Business examination.", "license_source": "California Contractors State License Board (CSLB), 2024", "bonding_requirement": "California requires all active licensed contractors to hold a $25,000 Contractor License Bond (filed under Business and Professions Code Section 7071.6). In addition, contractors with employees must maintain Workers' Compensation Insurance, and contractors operating as LLCs must hold General Liability Insurance with minimum coverage of $1,000,000.", "bonding_source": "California Contractors State License Board (CSLB), 2023", "market_size_or_density_note": "In California, the BLS SOC 47-2031 occupation accounts for an estimated 102,870 jobs, with a density of 5.732 jobs per 1,000 statewide jobs and a location quotient of 1.24 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ca.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 32.87 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Colorado", "where": "CO", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 27.78, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 2.55, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Colorado (SOC 47-2031 Carpenters), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_co.htm", "license_regime": "No state-level contractor license is required for carpenters or door & access trade contractors in Colorado. State-level licensing through the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA) is restricted to electrical and plumbing trades. Carpenter and specialty trade contractor licensing is administered locally at the city or county level (e.g., Denver Community Planning and Development Class A, B, C, or D licenses).", "license_source": "Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA), 2024, https://dora.colorado.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Colorado does not enforce a statewide contractor license bond or insurance requirement for carpentry or specialty trades. Bonding and general liability insurance minimums are set locally by municipal or county building departments (e.g., Denver requires a $50,000 contractor license bond; Arvada requires $20,000). For public construction projects exceeding $50,000, state law (C.R.S. § 38-26-105) mandates performance and payment bonds of at least 50% of the contract value.", "bonding_source": "Colorado Revised Statutes C.R.S. § 38-26-105, 2025, https://law.justia.com/codes/colorado/2025/title-38/article-26/section-38-26-105", "market_size_or_density_note": "Colorado employed 15,970 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) in May 2023, representing an occupational density of 5.64 jobs per 1,000 jobs in the state and a Location Quotient (LQ) of 1.22, indicating a 22% higher concentration of carpenters relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Colorado, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_co.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 27.78 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Connecticut", "where": "CT", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 30.51, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 12.62, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) OEWS, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates for Connecticut, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ct.htm and May 2023 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_nat.htm", "license_regime": "Connecticut does not issue a standalone trade license specifically for general carpentry or door installation. However, state law requires contractors who perform residential improvements (including door installation) exceeding $200 per project or $1,000 annually to register as a Home Improvement Contractor (HIC) with the Department of Consumer Protection (DCP). Contractors undertaking large-scale commercial or institutional work register as Major Contractors with the DCP.", "license_source": "Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection (DCP), 2024", "bonding_requirement": "Registered Home Improvement Contractors in Connecticut are required to maintain a $15,000 surety bond and show proof of General Liability insurance of no less than $20,000.", "bonding_source": "Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection (DCP), 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "As of May 2023, Connecticut had an estimated 6,070 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing a employment density of 3.657 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 0.79 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) OEWS, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates for Connecticut, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ct.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 30.51 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Delaware", "where": "DE", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 28.74, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 6.09, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_de.htm", "license_regime": "Delaware does not require a state-level occupational trade license for carpenters or door/access installers (SOC 47-2031). However, all contractors operating in the state must register and obtain a state contractor business license from the Delaware Division of Revenue, structured as either a Resident Contractor License or a Non-Resident Contractor License. Specific building permits and trade registration may be mandated locally at the county or municipal level.", "license_source": "Delaware Division of Revenue, 2024, https://revenue.delaware.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Non-resident contractors must file a surety bond equal to 6% of the contract value for single projects or aggregate annual contracts exceeding $20,000. All contractors employing workers in Delaware must maintain workers' compensation insurance, and local municipal jurisdictions require general liability insurance coverage.", "bonding_source": "Delaware Division of Revenue, 2024, https://revenue.delaware.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "In Delaware, SOC 47-2031 (Carpenters) accounts for 1,450 total jobs, with an occupational concentration of 3.082 per 1,000 jobs statewide (location quotient of 0.67 compared to the national baseline).", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_de.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 28.74 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Florida", "where": "FL", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 22.85, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -15.65, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_fl.htm", "license_regime": "Contractor licensing is regulated at the state level by the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR) Construction Industry Licensing Board (CILB) under Florida Statutes Chapter 489. Florida maintains a two-tiered licensing structure: Certified licenses allow contractors to operate statewide, while Registered licenses restrict practice to specific local county or city jurisdictions. Door and access work falls under certified specialty contractor categories (such as Window and Door Installation Specialty Contractor, Garage Door Installation Specialty Contractor, Specialty Structure Contractor, or Structural Carpentry) or broader General/Building/Residential Contractor licenses.", "license_source": "Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR) Construction Industry Licensing Board, 2024", "bonding_requirement": "Under Florida Administrative Code Rule 61G4-15.003, certified specialty contractors must carry minimum general liability insurance of $100,000 for public liability and $25,000 for property damage, along with statutory workers' compensation insurance or an approved exemption. Under Rule 61G4-15.006, state-level surety bonds are not required for applicants with a FICO credit score of 660 or higher (or those completing a 14-hour Board-approved financial responsibility course); applicants with credit scores below 660 must post a $10,000 surety bond (Division II/specialty), while designated Financially Responsible Officers must post a $100,000 bond or irrevocable letter of credit.", "bonding_source": "Florida Administrative Code Rule 61G4-15.003 and Rule 61G4-15.006 (Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation), 2024, https://www.flrules.org/gateway/ruleNo.asp?id=61G4-15.003", "market_size_or_density_note": "Florida employs 49,900 workers in the Carpenters occupation (SOC 47-2031, which includes door and access installers), with an occupational density of 5.215 jobs per 1,000 total state employment and a Location Quotient of 1.13. Florida holds the second-highest total employment level for this trade among all U.S. states.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_fl.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 22.85 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Georgia", "where": "GA", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 23.43, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -13.51, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (released April 2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ga.htm", "license_regime": "At the state level, traditional specialty trade contractors (including door, window, and finish carpentry installers under SOC 47-2031) are exempt from general/residential contractor licensing under O.C.G.A. § 43-41-17, provided they perform work strictly within their specialty scope. However, state licensure via the Georgia State Licensing Board for Residential and General Contractors is required for project scopes over $2,500 involving residential or general contracting. State contractor license tiers include Residential Basic, Residential-Light Commercial, General Contractor Limited Tier, and General Contractor. Local municipal or county business licenses and permits may also apply.", "license_source": "Georgia State Licensing Board for Residential and General Contractors / Georgia Secretary of State, 2024, O.C.G.A. § 43-41-17, https://sos.ga.gov", "bonding_requirement": "State law does not mandate a statewide surety bond for standalone specialty trade contractors operating within their trade. For licensed Residential Basic or Residential Light Commercial contractors, proof of $25,000 net worth is required, which can be demonstrated via a $25,000 surety bond, line of credit, or bank reference. General Liability insurance minimums are $300,000 per occurrence for Residential Basic and $500,000 per occurrence for Residential Light Commercial, General Contractor Limited Tier, and General Contractor.", "bonding_source": "Georgia State Licensing Board for Residential and General Contractors / Georgia Secretary of State, 2024, O.C.G.A. Title 43 Chapter 41, https://sos.ga.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "In Georgia, total employment for Carpenters (SOC 47-2031, covering door and access frame installation) was 9,010 workers, representing an employment density of 1.894 jobs per 1,000 total state jobs and a location quotient of 0.41 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (released April 2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ga.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 23.43 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Hawaii", "where": "HI", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 39.44, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 45.59, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_hi.htm", "license_regime": "State-level contractor license required statewide under Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 444, administered by the Hawaii Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs (DCCA) Contractors License Board. Tradespersons and businesses operate under Class C Specialty Contractor classifications, specifically C-5a (Garage door and window shutters contractor) or C-5 (Cabinet, millwork, and carpentry remodeling and repairs contractor); Class B General Building contractors automatically hold C-5 rights.", "license_source": "Hawaii Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs (DCCA) Contractors License Board, 2024, https://cca.hawaii.gov/pvl/boards/contractor", "bonding_requirement": "Surety bond minimum of $5,000 required by the Board (determines higher amounts up to $300,000 on a case-by-case basis under HRS § 444-16.5). Minimum general liability insurance coverage of $100,000 per person / $300,000 per occurrence for bodily injury and $50,000 per occurrence for property damage.", "bonding_source": "Hawaii Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs (DCCA) Contractors License Board, 2024, https://cca.hawaii.gov/pvl/boards/contractor", "market_size_or_density_note": "Hawaii employs 5,520 individuals in SOC 47-2031 (Carpenters) with a location quotient of 1.94, representing an occupational density of 8.96 jobs per 1,000 statewide, nearly double the national average concentration.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_hi.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 39.44 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Idaho", "where": "ID", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 24.1, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -11.04, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Idaho (SOC 47-2031 Carpenters), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_id.htm", "license_regime": "In Idaho, general construction and specialty carpentry trades (including doors and access installation) do not require a state-administered trade license or exam. However, state-level contractor registration with the Idaho Contractors Board (administered by the Division of Occupational and Professional Licenses - DOPL) is mandatory for any individual or business performing construction work where total labor and materials exceed $2,000 (Idaho Code § 54-5201 et seq.). State-level trade licensing with exam requirements is restricted to electrical, plumbing, and HVAC trades.", "license_source": "Idaho Division of Occupational and Professional Licenses (DOPL), Idaho Contractors Board, 2024", "bonding_requirement": "To maintain state contractor registration under Idaho Code § 54-5208, contractors must maintain proof of general liability insurance with a minimum limit of $300,000 (single limit, including products and completed operations) and provide proof of workers' compensation insurance if employing workers. There is no statewide surety bond requirement for standard contractor registration, though homeowners reserve the statutory right to request a project bond at their expense and municipal permits or public works contracts may require separate surety bonds.", "bonding_source": "Idaho State Legislature / Division of Occupational and Professional Licenses (DOPL), Idaho Code § 54-5208, 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS May 2023 data, Idaho employed 8,220 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an occupational concentration of 9.99 jobs per 1,000 total state jobs and a Location Quotient of 2.17 relative to the national average, indicating a high trade density.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Idaho, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_id.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 24.1 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Illinois", "where": "IL", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 32.89, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 21.41, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (Illinois), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_il.htm", "license_regime": "No state-level license is required in Illinois for general carpentry, door, or access installation. Illinois only licenses specific specialty trades (plumbing, roofing, electrical) at the state level. Licensing and registration for general contractors and carpenters are managed at the municipal or county level (e.g., the City of Chicago Department of Buildings requires a General Contractor License with Classes A through E based on project value thresholds).", "license_source": "Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (IDFPR), 2024, https://idfpr.illinois.gov", "bonding_requirement": "There are no statewide surety bond or insurance requirements for door and access installation or general carpentry in Illinois because licensing is not regulated at the state level for this trade. Bonding and general liability insurance minimums are established locally by individual municipalities or project owners (e.g., the City of Chicago requires general liability insurance ranging from $1,000,000 to $5,000,000 depending on contractor class).", "bonding_source": "Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (IDFPR), 2024, https://idfpr.illinois.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "In Illinois, the carpenters trade (SOC 47-2031, covering door and access installation) employs 23,990 workers, representing a concentration density of 3.99 carpenters per 1,000 jobs statewide.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (Illinois), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_il.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 32.89 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Indiana", "where": "IN", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 26.48, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -2.25, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (May 2023), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_in.htm", "license_regime": "No statewide contractor license is required for carpenters or door/access trade workers in Indiana. Statewide trade licensing is limited to plumbing under the Indiana Professional Licensing Agency (IPLA). All general contracting and specialty trade licensing or registrations are established at the local county or municipal level (e.g., Marion County/Indianapolis, Lake County), where local tiers like Residential and Commercial/Building Contractor exist.", "license_source": "Indiana Professional Licensing Agency (2024), https://www.in.gov/pla", "bonding_requirement": "There are no state-level bonding or liability insurance requirements for carpenters/general contractors. Local municipalities set requirements; for example, Marion County (Indianapolis) requires a $10,000 surety bond, general liability insurance ($500,000 bodily injury/death and $100,000 property damage), and proof of workers' compensation insurance.", "bonding_source": "Consolidated City of Indianapolis & Marion County Department of Business and Neighborhood Services (2024), https://www.indy.gov/activity/contractor-licenses", "market_size_or_density_note": "As of May 2023, Indiana had 14,860 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing a density of 4.708 workers per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 1.02 compared to national averages.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (May 2023), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_in.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 26.48 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Iowa", "where": "IA", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 23.48, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -13.33, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ia.htm", "license_regime": "Iowa does not require a state-level trade license specifically for general carpenters or door and access installers. However, under Iowa Code Chapter 91C, any contractor performing construction work who earns $2,000 or more per year must obtain state Construction Contractor Registration. Separate state licenses exist for specialty trades (plumbing, mechanical, electrical), and local municipalities may require additional local contractor licenses or permits.", "license_source": "Iowa Department of Inspections, Appeals, and Licensing (DIAL), Construction Contractor Registration Program (2024), https://dial.iowa.gov", "bonding_requirement": "In-state contractors registering under Iowa Code Chapter 91C are not required to post a state-level surety bond, but must provide proof of workers' compensation insurance (if employing workers) and an active Iowa Unemployment Insurance account number. Out-of-state contractors must file a $25,000 surety bond with DIAL. Local jurisdictions may require separate municipal bonds.", "bonding_source": "Iowa Department of Inspections, Appeals, and Licensing (DIAL), Contractor Registration & Iowa Code Chapter 91C (2024), https://dial.iowa.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "As of May 2023, BLS OEWS reported 6,740 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) employed in Iowa, representing a density of 4.36 jobs per 1,000 total jobs and a location quotient of 0.95 relative to the national concentration.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (Iowa), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ia.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 23.48 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Kansas", "where": "KS", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 23.33, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -13.88, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ks.htm)", "license_regime": "Kansas does not require or issue a state-level contractor license for carpenters or doors and access specialty contractors. Licensing is managed locally at the city or county level (such as Johnson County Planning and Codes Department or Sedgwick County Metropolitan Area Building and Construction Department). Corporate business entities operating in the state must register with the Kansas Secretary of State.", "license_source": "Sedgwick County Metropolitan Area Building and Construction Department (MABCD), 2024 (https://www.sedgwickcounty.org/mabcd/)", "bonding_requirement": "There are no state-level surety bond or insurance minimums required for carpenters in Kansas due to the absence of a state contractor licensing board. Bond and insurance minimums are set by local jurisdictions; for example, Sedgwick County MABCD requires contractors to maintain a minimum of $300,000 in general liability insurance alongside workers' compensation and commercial auto coverage.", "bonding_source": "Sedgwick County Metropolitan Area Building and Construction Department (MABCD) Contractor Licensing Rules, 2024 (https://www.sedgwickcounty.org/mabcd/)", "market_size_or_density_note": "In Kansas, there were 5,390 workers employed in SOC 47-2031 (Carpenters) in May 2023, representing a density of 3.818 jobs per 1,000 state total jobs and a location quotient of 0.83 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ks.htm)", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 23.33 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Kentucky", "where": "KY", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 24.08, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -11.11, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ky.htm", "license_regime": "Kentucky does not issue or require a statewide contractor license for carpenters or doors and access installers (SOC 47-2031). Statewide trade licensing is restricted to electrical, plumbing, and HVAC trades via the Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction; carpentry and general contracting licensing or registration is managed exclusively at the city or county municipal level (e.g., Louisville, Lexington, Bowling Green).", "license_source": "Kentucky Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction, 2024, https://dhbc.ky.gov", "bonding_requirement": "There are no statewide surety bond or general liability insurance requirements for carpenters or doors and access contractors in Kentucky. Insurance and bonding thresholds are set locally by individual city or county licensing boards (e.g., Louisville Metro requires $250,000-$500,000 in liability insurance; Bowling Green requires $100,000).", "bonding_source": "Kentucky Department of Housing, Buildings and Construction, 2024, https://dhbc.ky.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS May 2023 data, Kentucky has 7,820 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an employment density of 3.98 workers per 1,000 jobs (location quotient of 0.86). According to the Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), there were 11,700 total construction establishments operating in Kentucky as of 2024.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ky.htm; Associated General Contractors of America, 2024 Fact Sheet, https://www.agc.org", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 24.08 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Louisiana", "where": "LA", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 22.71, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -16.17, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_la.htm", "license_regime": "In Louisiana, contractor licensing is mandated and regulated at the state level by the Louisiana State Licensing Board for Contractors (LSLBC). Trades covering door and access installation fall under the Commercial Contractor License (or relevant specialty/subclassification) for commercial projects valued at $50,000 or more (labor and materials combined), the Residential Building Contractor License for new residential construction valued at $50,000 or more, or Home Improvement Registration for existing home repair/remodeling valued between $7,500 and $50,000. Subcontractors performing specialty trade work above these project monetary thresholds must hold the appropriate LSLBC credential, designate a qualifying party, and pass the Louisiana Business and Law course/exam.", "license_source": "Louisiana State Licensing Board for Contractors (LSLBC), 2024, https://lslbc.louisiana.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Commercial and residential contractor license applicants must demonstrate a minimum net worth of $50,000 via a financial statement, or post a $50,000 surety bond (or letter of credit) in lieu of net worth. Home improvement registrants must show a $25,000 net worth or surety bond. In addition, residential contractors and home improvement registrants are required to maintain continuous Commercial General Liability insurance with minimum coverage of $100,000 and maintain statutory Workers' Compensation insurance.", "bonding_source": "Louisiana State Licensing Board for Contractors (LSLBC), 2024, https://lslbc.louisiana.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 OEWS report, Louisiana employed 7,970 workers in the Carpenters occupational category (SOC 47-2031), with an employment density (location quotient) of 0.93 relative to the U.S. national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_la.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 22.71 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Maine", "where": "ME", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 26.41, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -2.51, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_me.htm", "license_regime": "Maine does not issue state-level contractor licenses for the doors & access trade or carpentry (BLS SOC 47-2031). State-level contractor licensing administered by the Office of Professional and Occupational Regulation (OPOR) is restricted to specific trades such as electricians, plumbers, and fuel technicians. General contractors and specialty sub-trades are regulated at the municipal level through local business licenses and local building code permits.", "license_source": "Maine Department of Professional and Financial Regulation (DPFR), Office of Professional and Occupational Regulation (OPOR), 2024, https://www.maine.gov/pfr/professionallicensing", "bonding_requirement": "There are no state-mandated surety bond or minimum general liability insurance requirements for specialty trade contractors in Maine at the state level. Bonding and insurance limits are regulated by individual municipalities or established through private project contracts, though public works projects valued over $125,000 require statutory payment and performance bonds.", "bonding_source": "Maine Department of Professional and Financial Regulation (DPFR), 2024, https://www.maine.gov/pfr/professionallicensing", "market_size_or_density_note": "As of May 2023, Maine had 5,080 workers employed in SOC 47-2031 (Carpenters), representing a worker density of 8.18 per 1,000 jobs in the state and a location quotient of 1.77 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_me.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 26.41 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Maryland", "where": "MD", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 27.54, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 1.66, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Maryland (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_md.htm) and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm)", "license_regime": "In Maryland, state-level licensing for door and access work (SOC 47-2031 / Carpenters) is required for residential home improvement projects through the Maryland Home Improvement Commission (MHIC), part of the Maryland Department of Labor. Any contractor performing residential home improvement work valued at $500 or more must hold an MHIC Home Improvement Contractor license. Maryland does not issue separate trade-specific sub-tier licenses for carpentry or doors, though separate state boards license mechanical/electrical/plumbing trades. For purely commercial work, there is no state-level contractor license; commercial contractors obtain local construction licenses through county Circuit Court clerks.", "license_source": "Maryland Home Improvement Commission (MHIC), Maryland Department of Labor, 2024, https://www.dllr.state.md.us/license/mhic", "bonding_requirement": "MHIC-licensed contractors must maintain a minimum of $500,000 in general liability insurance (effective June 1, 2024, under MD Business Regulation Article § 8-302.1). Contractors must also show financial solvency (minimum $30,000 net worth threshold); applicants who do not meet the solvency requirements must obtain a $30,000 surety bond (or a $100,000 bond in lieu of financial statements). Additionally, new licensees pay a $100 assessment into the state Guaranty Fund, which covers consumer claims up to $30,000.", "bonding_source": "Maryland Home Improvement Commission (MHIC), Maryland Department of Labor, Business Regulation Article § 8-302.1 and § 8-303, 2024, https://www.dllr.state.md.us/license/mhic", "market_size_or_density_note": "As of May 2023, Maryland employed approximately 9,670 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an employment concentration of 3.610 jobs per 1,000 total state jobs and a location quotient of 0.78 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 OEWS State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Maryland, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_md.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 27.54 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Massachusetts", "where": "MA", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 31.86, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 17.61, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ma.htm", "license_regime": "In Massachusetts, licensing is governed at the state level by the Board of Building Regulations and Standards (BBRS) under the Division of Occupational Licensure. Door installation and structural carpentry work require a state-level Construction Supervisor License (CSL). License tiers include Unrestricted CSL (buildings under 35,000 cubic feet and 1-2 family dwellings), Restricted CSL (limited to 1- and 2-family dwellings), and Specialty CSL (including a dedicated 'Windows, Doors, and Siding' specialty tier). Additionally, contractors performing work on 1- to 4-unit residential properties must hold a Home Improvement Contractor (HIC) registration with the Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation (OCABR). Local municipalities oversee building permits.", "license_source": "Massachusetts Board of Building Regulations and Standards, 2024, https://www.mass.gov/orgs/board-of-building-regulations-and-standards", "bonding_requirement": "State CSL licensing does not mandate an individual general surety bond. For residential work, Home Improvement Contractor (HIC) registration requires payment into the state Guaranty Fund ($100 to $500 based on employee headcount) and proof of general liability insurance. Out-of-state contractors performing work in MA must post a tax guarantee surety bond equal to 6.25% of the total contract price with the MA Department of Revenue. Public construction projects exceeding $150,000 require 100% performance and payment bonds under M.G.L. c. 149, § 29.", "bonding_source": "Massachusetts Office of Consumer Affairs and Business Regulation, 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS May 2023 OEWS data, Massachusetts had 16,640 total employed Carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an employment density of 4.568 per 1,000 jobs in the state and a location quotient of 0.99 relative to national figures.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ma.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 31.86 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Michigan", "where": "MI", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 28.01, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 3.4, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_mi.htm", "license_regime": "In Michigan, state-level licensing through the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA) Bureau of Construction Codes is required for residential construction or remodeling work valued at $600 or more (labor and materials combined). Licensing tiers include Residential Builder (full residential construction and general contracting) and Maintenance & Alteration (M&A) Contractor with a Carpentry (A) specialty endorsement (covering specialized installations like doors, windows, and framing). Commercial contracting is governed separately at local municipal levels.", "license_source": "Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA), Bureau of Construction Codes, 2024, https://www.michigan.gov/lara", "bonding_requirement": "The State of Michigan does not mandate a state-level surety bond for Residential Builder or Maintenance & Alteration Contractor licenses (surety bonds are required only by specific local cities and counties). However, state law requires a minimum of $100,000 per occurrence in general liability insurance under MCL 339.2412 and statutory workers' compensation insurance for businesses with employees.", "bonding_source": "Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA) / Michigan Occupational Code MCL 339.2412, 2024, https://www.michigan.gov/lara", "market_size_or_density_note": "As of May 2023, Michigan employed an estimated 21,400 workers in the Carpenters occupational category (BLS SOC 47-2031), representing an employment concentration of 4.92 jobs per 1,000 state jobs and a location quotient of 1.07 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_mi.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 28.01 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Minnesota", "where": "MN", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 30.13, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 11.22, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_mn.htm", "license_regime": "Minnesota requires state-level contractor licensing through the Department of Labor and Industry (DLI) for residential contractors. License tiers include Residential Building Contractor (RBC) and Residential Remodeler (RR). Single-specialty contractors operating in only one skill area (such as finish carpentry/doors) or commercial contractors do not require a state trade license, but must register via the state's Construction Contractor Registration program and comply with local municipal licensing rules.", "license_source": "Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry (DLI), 2024", "bonding_requirement": "State-licensed Residential Building Contractors and Residential Remodelers must post a $15,000 surety bond. State licensees must also carry General Liability Insurance with minimum limits of $100,000 per occurrence, $300,000 aggregate, and $25,000 property damage, as well as statutory Workers' Compensation insurance.", "bonding_source": "Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry (DLI), 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "Minnesota has an estimated 16,240 employed Carpenters (SOC 47-2031) statewide across all sectors, with approximately 13,360 employed directly in the construction industry.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) OEWS / Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_mn.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 30.13 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Mississippi", "where": "MS", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 21.04, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -22.33, "median_wage_source": "BLS OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ms.htm", "license_regime": "State-level licensing is mandated by the Mississippi State Board of Contractors (MSBOC) for commercial/specialty contracts exceeding $50,000 and residential remodeling exceeding $10,000. Commercial licenses feature monetary tier limits based on financial net worth: Class C (projects up to $150,000), Class B (projects up to $500,000), and Class A (unlimited limit).", "license_source": "Mississippi State Board of Contractors (MSBOC), 2024, https://www.msboc.us", "bonding_requirement": "Commercial contractors must maintain General Liability insurance with minimum coverage of $300,000 per occurrence and $600,000 aggregate, whereas residential contractors must provide proof of general liability insurance naming MSBOC as certificate holder. Workers' compensation insurance is required for 5 or more employees. Commercial specialty license applicants must demonstrate a net worth of at least $20,000 through a reviewed CPA financial statement, and public projects over $25,000 require 100% performance and payment bonds.", "bonding_source": "Mississippi State Board of Contractors (MSBOC), 2024, https://www.msboc.us", "market_size_or_density_note": "In Mississippi, total employment for Carpenters (SOC 47-2031) stood at 2,440 workers, representing an employment density of 2.121 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 0.46.", "market_source": "BLS OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ms.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 21.04 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Missouri", "where": "MO", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 28.38, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 4.76, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) OEWS, May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "license_regime": "Missouri does not issue or require a statewide license for general contractors or carpentry/doors & access trades (SOC 47-2031). Contractor licensing and trade permitting are regulated at the local municipal or county level (such as Kansas City or the City of St. Louis).", "license_source": "Missouri Division of Professional Registration, 2024, https://pr.mo.gov", "bonding_requirement": "There are no state-level surety bond or insurance minimums required for door and access/carpentry contractors in Missouri. Bonding and insurance requirements are established by individual municipalities and counties where work is performed.", "bonding_source": "Missouri Division of Professional Registration, 2024, https://pr.mo.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "Missouri had an estimated 15,290 workers employed in the Carpenters occupation (SOC 47-2031) with an employment density of 5.314 per 1,000 jobs, yielding a location quotient of 1.15 compared to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) OEWS, May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_mo.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 28.38 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Montana", "where": "MT", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 24.2, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -10.67, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_mt.htm", "license_regime": "No trade-specific state license is required for carpenters or doors and access installers in Montana. However, under Montana law, any construction business with employees must obtain a Construction Contractor Registration (CCR) from the Montana Department of Labor and Industry (DLI). Solo operators with no employees must hold an Independent Contractor Exemption Certificate (ICEC). Municipalities (such as Missoula or Billings) may impose additional local permits or licensing.", "license_source": "Montana Department of Labor and Industry (DLI), 2024", "bonding_requirement": "Montana does not mandate a state-level surety bond or general liability insurance for standard construction contractor registration (state surety bonds apply only to water well contractors). However, employers must maintain Montana-specific workers' compensation coverage for all employees. Municipalities and individual project contracts may require local surety bonds or liability insurance.", "bonding_source": "Montana Department of Labor and Industry (DLI) / Montana Code Annotated Title 39, Chapter 9, 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "Montana has an estimated 4,330 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031) with a density of 8.626 jobs per 1,000 total jobs in the state (location quotient of 1.87).", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_mt.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 24.2 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Nebraska", "where": "NE", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 22.75, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -16.02, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates: Nebraska (2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ne.htm", "license_regime": "In Nebraska, there is no state-level trade license required for doors and access contractors (BLS SOC 47-2031 Carpenters). Contractors and subcontractors performing construction or repair work on real property must register with the state via the Nebraska Department of Labor under the Nebraska Contractor Registration Act. Specialty trade licensing, exams, and contractor tiers are administered locally by individual cities and counties (such as Omaha and Lincoln) rather than at the state level.", "license_source": "Nebraska Department of Labor, Contractor Registration (2024)", "bonding_requirement": "At the state level, the Nebraska Department of Labor does not mandate a surety bond for standard contractor registration under the Nebraska Contractor Registration Act, though contractors with one or more employees must maintain and submit proof of Workers' Compensation insurance (ACORD 25). Surety bond and general liability insurance minimums are established locally by municipal jurisdictions (e.g., $5,000 bond and $500,000 general liability insurance in Lincoln; $10,000 bond and up to $1,000,000 general liability in Omaha).", "bonding_source": "Nebraska Department of Labor, Contractor Registration Requirements (2024)", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to the May 2023 BLS OEWS, Nebraska employs 6,200 workers in SOC 47-2031 (Carpenters), reflecting an occupational density of 6.20 jobs per 1,000 total jobs in the state and a location quotient of 1.34 compared to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates: Nebraska (2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ne.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 22.75 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Nevada", "where": "NV", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 30.1, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 11.11, "median_wage_source": "BLS OEWS, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nv.htm", "license_regime": "A state-level contractor license is required in Nevada, administered by the Nevada State Contractors Board (NSCB). Doors and access installation is licensed under Classification C-3 (Carpentry, Maintenance and Minor Repairs), which includes subclassification C-3d (Overhead Doors) for overhead garage doors, as well as C-3a (Carpentry and Repairs) and C-3b (Finish Carpentry) for door/window casings and frames. License tiers/monetary limits are established individually by the Board based on applicant financial statements, ranging from specific monetary caps up to an unlimited classification.", "license_source": "Nevada State Contractors Board / Nevada Administrative Code Chapter 624, 2024, https://www.nvcontractorsboard.com and https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nac/nac-624.html", "bonding_requirement": "The Nevada State Contractors Board requires contractors to post a surety bond or cash deposit ranging from $1,000 to $500,000, determined by the Board based on license classification, requested monetary limit, past financial responsibility, experience, and character. Contractors with employees must also maintain workers' compensation insurance.", "bonding_source": "Nevada State Contractors Board, 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "Nevada has 14,280 total employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031) with a location quotient of 2.09, indicating contractor and employment density in Nevada is more than double the national average concentration.", "market_source": "BLS OEWS, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nv.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 30.1 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "New Hampshire", "where": "NH", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 28.32, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 4.54, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nh.htm", "license_regime": "New Hampshire does not require a state-level contractor license for general carpentry or door and access installation (SOC 47-2031). Licensing requirements exist primarily at the municipal level or for specialized trades (such as electrical and plumbing). Residential contractors performing home improvements register under RSA 332-A rather than holding a trade competency license.", "license_source": "New Hampshire Office of Professional Licensure and Certification (OPLC), 2024, https://www.oplc.nh.gov", "bonding_requirement": "There are no state-level surety bond or general liability insurance requirements specifically for carpenters/door installation contractors. However, residential home improvement contractor registration under RSA 332-A requires a minimum of $25,000 in general liability insurance, and individual municipalities (such as the City of Manchester requiring a $5,000 surety bond) or public works project contracts may set local bonding minimums.", "bonding_source": "New Hampshire Office of Professional Licensure and Certification (OPLC) / New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated (RSA 332-A), 2024, https://www.oplc.nh.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "New Hampshire employs an estimated 3,530 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an occupational density of 5.223 jobs per 1,000 total jobs and a location quotient of 1.13 relative to national average concentration.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nh.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 28.32 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "New Jersey", "where": "NJ", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 33.47, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 23.55, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (released April 2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nj.htm and https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "license_regime": "New Jersey requires state-level registration for residential door and carpentry work as a Home Improvement Contractor Business (HICB) or Home Elevation Contractor Business (HECB) through the Division of Consumer Affairs; no state trade exam is required. Commercial contracting is not regulated or licensed at the state level and is subject to local municipal building rules.", "license_source": "New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs, Contractors' Business Registration Act (N.J.S.A. 56:8-136 et seq.), 2025, https://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Registered Home Improvement Contractor Businesses (HICBs) must carry a minimum of $500,000 per occurrence in Commercial General Liability insurance, mandatory Workers' Compensation insurance (unless exempt), and a tiered compliance surety bond or additional security of $10,000 (single contract < $10k or annual < $150k), $25,000 (single contract $10k-$120k or annual $150k-$750k), or $50,000 (single contract > $120k or annual > $750k).", "bonding_source": "New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs / N.J.S.A. 56:8-142, 2025, https://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "In New Jersey, there were 13,400 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031) as of May 2023, with an employment density of 3.189 jobs per 1,000 total state employment and a location quotient of 0.69 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (released April 2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nj.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 33.47 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "New Mexico", "where": "NM", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 22.59, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -16.61, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS State and National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nm.htm", "license_regime": "State-level contractor licensing is required in New Mexico for construction work exceeding $7,200 in annual revenue. Licensing is administered statewide by the Construction Industries Division (CID) of the New Mexico Regulation and Licensing Department. Relevant license classifications include specialty classifications GS-14 (Windows, doors and skylights, requiring 2 years of experience) and GS-13 (Framing), as well as general construction classifications GB-2 (Residential Building) and GB-98 (General Building - Residential and Commercial), which encompass door/window specialty scopes.", "license_source": "New Mexico Regulation and Licensing Department, Construction Industries Division (CID), N.M. Admin. Code § 14.6.6.9 and NMSA 1978 § 60-13-3, 2022, https://www.rld.nm.gov/construction-industries", "bonding_requirement": "All contractors licensed through CID are required to post and maintain a $10,000 Consumer Protection / Code Compliance Surety Bond pursuant to NMSA 1978 § 60-13-49. Proof of workers' compensation insurance is also required for contractors with employees.", "bonding_source": "New Mexico Regulation and Licensing Department, Construction Industries Division (CID), NMSA 1978 § 60-13-49, 2022, https://www.rld.nm.gov/construction-industries", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS May 2023 data, New Mexico employs 3,290 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing 3.891 jobs per 1,000 total jobs in the state and a location quotient of 0.84 relative to national density.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (New Mexico), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nm.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 22.59 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "New York", "where": "NY", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 28.77, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 6.2, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ny.htm", "license_regime": "New York State does not issue a statewide trade or general contractor license for carpenters or door/access installers. Licensing is regulated entirely at the local municipal and county level (e.g., New York City, Westchester, Nassau, and Suffolk counties).", "license_source": "New York State Department of State (DOS), 2024, https://dos.ny.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Because there is no statewide board, bonding and insurance requirements are governed locally. For instance, the New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP) requires Home Improvement Contractors to maintain $1,000,000 in general liability insurance and post a $20,000 surety bond or pay into the DCA Trust Fund.", "bonding_source": "New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP), 2024, https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/businesses/license-checklist-home-improvement-contractor.page", "market_size_or_density_note": "New York employed 47,740 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) as of May 2023, representing an occupational density of 5.082 jobs per 1,000 state jobs and a location quotient of 1.10 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ny.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 28.77 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "North Carolina", "where": "NC", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 22.23, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -17.94, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nc.htm", "license_regime": "North Carolina requires general contractors to hold a state-level license issued by the North Carolina Licensing Board for General Contractors (NCLBGC) for projects costing $40,000 or more. Licensing is divided into three limitation tiers based on project value: Limited (projects up to $750,000), Intermediate (projects up to $1,500,000), and Unlimited (no project value cap). Installing pre-fabricated doors to homes is exempt from state general contractor licensing requirements regardless of project cost.", "license_source": "North Carolina Licensing Board for General Contractors (NCLBGC) / NC Occupational Licensing, 2023, https://nclbgc.org/classifications-and-limitations", "bonding_requirement": "To satisfy financial responsibility requirements, contractors may submit proof of working capital or purchase a continuous surety bond: $175,000 bond (or $17,000 working capital) for Limited tier; $500,000 bond (or $75,000 working capital) for Intermediate tier; $1,000,000 bond (or $150,000 working capital) for Unlimited tier. General liability insurance is not required statewide by NCLBGC, but Workers' Compensation insurance is required by state law for businesses with 3 or more employees.", "bonding_source": "North Carolina Licensing Board for General Contractors (NCLBGC) / N.C. Gen. Stat. § 87-10, 2023, https://nclbgc.org/classifications-and-limitations", "market_size_or_density_note": "As of May 2023, North Carolina employed 14,600 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an occupational density of 3.045 jobs per 1,000 total state jobs and a location quotient of 0.66 relative to national average employment density.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nc.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 22.23 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "North Dakota", "where": "ND", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 25.77, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -4.87, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nd.htm", "license_regime": "A state-level contractor license issued by the North Dakota Secretary of State is required for any construction, repair, or alteration work exceeding $4,000 in project value. Licensing is structured in four tiers based on maximum contract size: Class A (over $500,000), Class B (up to $500,000), Class C (up to $300,000), and Class D (up to $100,000).", "license_source": "North Dakota Secretary of State, 2024, https://www.sos.nd.gov/business/contractors", "bonding_requirement": "State contractor licensing requires proof of commercial general liability insurance naming the North Dakota Secretary of State as certificate holder, along with mandatory Workforce Safety & Insurance (WSI) workers' compensation compliance. Statewide contractor license surety bonds are not required for general trade licenses, though local municipalities (e.g., Grand Forks, Fargo) may mandate local license bonds, and public works construction projects exceeding $100,000 require statutory payment and performance bonds under NDCC § 48-01.2.", "bonding_source": "North Dakota Secretary of State / ND Century Code NDCC § 43-07, 2024, https://www.sos.nd.gov/business/contractors", "market_size_or_density_note": "North Dakota has an estimated total employment of 2,480 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) statewide, representing an employment density of 5.938 per 1,000 jobs.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nd.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 25.77 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Ohio", "where": "OH", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 26.21, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -3.25, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_oh.htm", "license_regime": "No state-level contractor license is required for carpentry or door and access installation in Ohio. The Ohio Construction Industry Licensing Board (OCILB) regulates only five commercial specialty trades (Electrical, HVAC, Hydronics, Plumbing, and Refrigeration). Licensing and registrations for carpenters and general contractors are managed locally by individual cities and counties.", "license_source": "Ohio Department of Commerce, Ohio Construction Industry Licensing Board (OCILB), 2024, https://com.ohio.gov/divisions-and-programs/industrial-compliance/boards/ohio-construction-industry-licensing-board", "bonding_requirement": "There are no state-level surety bond or general liability insurance minimums for carpenters or door installers in Ohio because the trade is not licensed at the state level. Bonding and insurance requirements are established at the local municipal/county level.", "bonding_source": "Ohio Department of Commerce, Ohio Construction Industry Licensing Board (OCILB), 2024, https://com.ohio.gov/divisions-and-programs/industrial-compliance/boards/ohio-construction-industry-licensing-board", "market_size_or_density_note": "Ohio employed 18,270 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) as of May 2023, representing an occupational density of 3.34 jobs per 1,000 total state jobs and a location quotient of 0.72.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_oh.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 26.21 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Oklahoma", "where": "OK", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 22.2, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -18.05, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2023 State Estimates - Oklahoma, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ok.htm", "license_regime": "A state-level license is not required for carpenters, general contractors, or door & access installers in Oklahoma. State licensing administered by the Oklahoma Construction Industries Board (CIB) is restricted to specialty trades (electrical, plumbing, mechanical/HVAC, and roofing registration). General construction and carpentry contractors are regulated or registered at the local municipal/county level.", "license_source": "Oklahoma Construction Industries Board (CIB), Contractor & Trade License Requirements, 2025, https://cib.ok.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Because Oklahoma does not issue a state-level contractor license for general carpentry or door installation, there are no state surety bond or general liability insurance minimums for this trade. However, CIB mandates a $5,000 corporate surety bond and $50,000 general liability insurance for state-licensed trades (electrical, plumbing, mechanical), and local municipalities (such as Oklahoma City) require $50,000 general liability insurance for city contractor registration.", "bonding_source": "Oklahoma Construction Industries Board (CIB), Active Contractor Requirements, 2026, https://www.oklahoma.gov/cib.html", "market_size_or_density_note": "IBISWorld reports 673 active businesses in Oklahoma's wood framing industry. BLS OEWS estimates 4,740 carpenters employed in Oklahoma, representing an occupational density of 2.851 jobs per 1,000 total state jobs.", "market_source": "IBISWorld, Wood Framing in Oklahoma Industry Report, 2026, https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/ and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), OEWS May 2023 State Estimates - Oklahoma, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ok.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 22.2 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Oregon", "where": "OR", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 29.79, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 9.97, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Oregon (SOC 47-2031 Carpenters), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_or.htm", "license_regime": "A state-level contractor license is required through the Oregon Construction Contractors Board (CCB) for any entity or individual undertaking construction, installation, or repair work, including doors and access systems. Local city/county permits or business licenses do not substitute for the state CCB license. Licensing endorsement tiers include Residential Specialty Contractor, Residential General Contractor, Residential Limited Contractor, Commercial Specialty Contractor (Level 1 and Level 2), and Commercial General Contractor (Level 1 and Level 2).", "license_source": "Oregon Construction Contractors Board (CCB), 2024, https://www.oregon.gov/ccb/Pages/index.aspx", "bonding_requirement": "Surety bond minimums vary by endorsement tier: $20,000 for Residential Specialty Contractor, $25,000 for Residential General Contractor, $15,000 for Residential Limited Contractor, $55,000 for Commercial Specialty Contractor Level 1, $25,000 for Commercial Specialty Contractor Level 2, $80,000 for Commercial General Contractor Level 1, and $25,000 for Commercial General Contractor Level 2. General liability insurance minimums range from $100,000 to $500,000 per occurrence for residential contractors and up to $1,000,000 or $2,000,000 aggregate for commercial contractors depending on tier.", "bonding_source": "Oregon Construction Contractors Board (CCB) - Contractor Surety Bonds and Insurance Requirements, 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS May 2023 data, Oregon employed 14,980 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an employment density of 7.709 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 1.67, indicating a carpenter density 67% higher than the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Oregon, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_or.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 29.79 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Pennsylvania", "where": "PA", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 27.5, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 1.51, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Pennsylvania, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_pa.htm", "license_regime": "Pennsylvania does not issue state-level contractor or specialty trade licenses for carpenters or door installers; trade licensing is mandated at the local municipal level (e.g., Philadelphia, Pittsburgh). However, under the Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act (HICPA), residential contractors performing $5,000 or more annually in home improvements must register with the state Attorney General.", "license_source": "Pennsylvania Office of Attorney General, Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act (HICPA), 2024", "bonding_requirement": "Pennsylvania does not have a statewide surety bond requirement for home improvement contractor registration. However, HICPA requires proof of minimum general liability insurance of $50,000 for personal injury and $50,000 for property damage.", "bonding_source": "Pennsylvania Office of Attorney General, Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act (73 P.S. § 517.1 et seq.), 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "Pennsylvania employed 29,270 carpenters (BLS SOC 47-2031) as of May 2023, representing an employment density of 4.921 jobs per 1,000 total jobs and a location quotient of 1.07 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Pennsylvania, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_pa.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 27.5 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Rhode Island", "where": "RI", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 29.34, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 8.31, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ri.htm", "license_regime": "In Rhode Island, contractors and subcontractors performing door, window, or carpentry work must obtain state-level Contractor Registration with the Rhode Island Contractors' Registration and Licensing Board (RICRLB) pursuant to R.I. Gen. Laws Chapter 5-65. Registration applies statewide rather than at the county or municipal level. Applicants for residential contracting must complete 5 hours of pre-registration education. Specialty state licenses exist for specific trades (such as commercial roofing and underground utility contractors), but door installation and general carpentry operate under standard state Contractor Registration.", "license_source": "Rhode Island Contractors' Registration and Licensing Board (RICRLB), 2025, https://crb.ri.gov", "bonding_requirement": "State contractor registration requires proof of continuous general liability insurance of at least $500,000 combined single limit for bodily injury and property damage (R.I. Gen. Laws § 5-65-7) and workers' compensation insurance if employing workers. Standard general contractor registration does not require a continuous state surety bond, though select specialty licenses (such as underground utility contractors) require a $20,000 bond.", "bonding_source": "Rhode Island General Laws § 5-65-7 / Rhode Island Contractors' Registration and Licensing Board (RICRLB), 2025, https://law.justia.com/codes/rhode-island/2025/title-5/chapter-5-65/section-5-65-7", "market_size_or_density_note": "As of May 2023, Rhode Island had 3,130 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031) with an occupational location quotient of 1.39, indicating an employment density 39% higher than the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ri.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 29.34 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "South Carolina", "where": "SC", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 22.94, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -15.32, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - South Carolina / May 2023 National Estimates (SOC 47-2031), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_sc.htm", "license_regime": "State-level licensing is required in South Carolina through the Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation (LLR). Regulation is split across two state boards: the Residential Builders Commission (RBC) for residential work, requiring Residential Specialty Contractor registration for trade work exceeding $500 and a Residential Builder license for jobs exceeding $5,000; and the Contractor's Licensing Board (CLB) for commercial work exceeding $10,000 (General Contractor classification). Commercial licenses are tiered into 5 financial groups (Group 1 to Group 5) that dictate bid and job limits.", "license_source": "South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation (LLR) - Contractor's Licensing Board & Residential Builders Commission, 2024, https://llr.sc.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Residential Builders must post a $15,000 surety bond. Licensed Residential Specialty Contractors post a $10,000 surety bond (registered specialty contractors post a $5,000 bond). Commercial contractors (CLB) can submit a continuous surety bond in lieu of net worth/working capital requirements across financial tiers, ranging from $20,000 (Group 1) up to $350,000 (Group 5). Workers' compensation insurance is mandated for employers with 4 or more employees.", "bonding_source": "South Carolina Code of Laws Title 40 Chapters 11 and 59 / SC LLR, 2024, https://llr.sc.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS May 2023 data, South Carolina had an estimated total employment of 8,510 workers in SOC 47-2031 (Carpenters), corresponding to an employment density of 3.827 jobs per 1,000 total state jobs and a location quotient of 0.83.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - South Carolina, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_sc.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 22.94 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "South Dakota", "where": "SD", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 20.43, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -24.58, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), May 2023 State and National OEWS (published April 2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_sd.htm and https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "license_regime": "South Dakota requires a contractor's excise tax license for construction services and for installation or repair of fixtures to real property. Door and access contractors must also check municipal and county requirements for the specific work and project location.", "license_source": "South Dakota Department of Revenue, Contractor's Excise Tax, 2026, https://dor.sd.gov/businesses/taxes/contractors-excise-tax/", "bonding_requirement": "No statewide surety bond or general liability insurance minimums exist for carpentry and door installation contractors. Bonding and insurance requirements are mandated at the municipal level (e.g., Sioux Falls requires a $20,000 surety bond and $300,000 general liability insurance, while Watertown mandates $500,000 general liability insurance).", "market_size_or_density_note": "South Dakota employs approximately 4,320 workers in SOC 47-2031 (Carpenters), representing an occupational location quotient of 2.11, which reflects a contractor density more than double the US national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), May 2023 OEWS State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - South Dakota (published April 2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_sd.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 20.43 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Tennessee", "where": "TN", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 23.09, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -14.77, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tn.htm", "license_regime": "Tennessee requires a state-level contractor license issued by the Board for Licensing Contractors (Department of Commerce & Insurance) for any prime or subcontractor project valued at $25,000 or more (labor and materials combined). Licenses are issued under classifications such as BC (Building) or BC-C (Specialty Trades) and carry strict monetary limits calculated as 10 times the lesser of working capital or net worth. For residential work between $3,000 and $24,999 in mandated counties, a Home Improvement Contractor license is required. Projects under $25,000 outside mandated counties are governed by local city/county building permit rules.", "license_source": "Tennessee Department of Commerce & Insurance, Board for Licensing Contractors, 2024, https://www.tn.gov/commerce/regboards/contractors.html", "bonding_requirement": "General liability insurance is required based on the license monetary limit: minimum $100,000 coverage for limits up to $500,000; $500,000 coverage for limits $500,001-$1,500,000; and $1,000,000 coverage for limits over $1,500,000. Workers' compensation insurance is required for contractors with employees. Surety bonds are not universally mandated for standard contractor licenses, but a $500,000 or $1,000,000 license bond may be posted to supplement working capital or net worth deficiencies. Home Improvement Contractors require a $10,000 surety bond or irrevocable letter of credit.", "bonding_source": "Tennessee Department of Commerce & Insurance, Board for Licensing Contractors, 2024, https://www.tn.gov/commerce/regboards/contractors.html", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS data, Tennessee had 9,930 employed Carpenters (SOC 47-2031) with an employment density of 3.084 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 0.67 relative to the US national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tn.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 23.09 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Texas", "where": "TX", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 22.94, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -15.32, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tx.htm", "license_regime": "Texas does not require a state-level contractor license for carpenters or door and access installation contractors (SOC 47-2031). State-level trade licensing in Texas is limited to mechanical trades like electrical, plumbing, and HVAC. Licensing and contractor registration for door, window, and carpentry work are managed strictly at the local municipal or county level.", "license_source": "Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR), 2024, https://www.tdlr.texas.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Because Texas does not issue or mandate a state-level license for carpenters or door & access installers, there are no state-mandated surety bond or liability insurance minimums for this trade. Bonding and insurance requirements are governed by local municipal permit departments or individual project contract terms.", "bonding_source": "Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR), 2024, https://www.tdlr.texas.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS data, Texas had 34,970 total employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031) as of May 2023, representing an occupational concentration of 2.579 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 0.56 compared to the national baseline.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_tx.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 22.94 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Utah", "where": "UT", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 23.83, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -12.03, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 OEWS State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Utah, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ut.htm and National 47-2031 profile https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "license_regime": "In Utah, contractor licensing for doors and carpentry is regulated at the state level by the Division of Professional Licensing (DOPL) under the Utah Construction Trades Licensing Act (Title 58, Chapter 55). Local jurisdictions cannot set qualification rules beyond issuing standard local business licenses. For doors, access, and finish woodwork, the primary specialty tier is the S220 Carpentry Contractor license. General contracting classifications such as B100 (General Building) or R100 (Residential and Small Commercial) also authorize door and access trade work within larger projects. S220 applicants must complete a 25-hour pre-licensure education course and document two years of full-time trade experience.", "license_source": "Utah Division of Professional Licensing (DOPL), Utah Department of Commerce, 2026, https://dopl.utah.gov", "bonding_requirement": "Utah DOPL mandates general liability insurance for all licensed contractors. Effective April 2026 under administrative rule R156-55a, the statutory coverage floor is $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 aggregate. DOPL may also require a contractor surety bond (typically $15,000 to $50,000 depending on license classification and financial/applicant history). Workers' compensation insurance is required for contractors with employees.", "bonding_source": "Utah Division of Professional Licensing (DOPL) / Utah Administrative Code R156-55a, 2026, https://dopl.utah.gov", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS May 2023 state data, Utah had 12,920 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an employment concentration of 7.70 per 1,000 jobs in the state and a location quotient of 1.67 compared to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 OEWS State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Utah, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_ut.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 23.83 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Vermont", "where": "VT", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 30, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 10.74, "median_wage_source": "Vermont Department of Labor & U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2025, https://www.vtlmi.info and https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "license_regime": "Vermont does not require a trade-specific state license for carpentry or doors and access work. However, effective April 1, 2023 (under 26 V.S.A. Chapter 106), residential contractors performing construction or renovation work exceeding $10,000 in value must register with the Vermont Office of Professional Regulation (OPR). Registration tiers include Individual Registration (self-employed without employees) and Business Registration (contractors with employees). No trade exam is required for registration. Specialty trades such as electrical work require separate state licenses.", "license_source": "Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation, 2023", "bonding_requirement": "Vermont does not require a statewide surety bond for contractor registration. However, registered contractors with OPR must maintain minimum general liability insurance coverage of $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 aggregate, as well as workers' compensation insurance if employing workers.", "bonding_source": "Vermont Secretary of State, Office of Professional Regulation, 2023", "market_size_or_density_note": "Vermont has approximately 3,210 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) employed statewide, representing a high trade density with a location quotient of 2.32 (10.68 carpenter jobs per 1,000 total state jobs, over twice the national average).", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 30 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Virginia", "where": "VA", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 23.43, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -13.51, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Virginia, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_va.htm", "license_regime": "Contractor licensing in Virginia is managed at the state level by the Board for Contractors under the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation (DPOR) for projects exceeding $1,000. Three license tiers exist: Class C (projects between $1,000 and $30,000; up to $250,000 total annually), Class B (projects up to $120,000; up to $750,000 total annually), and Class A (unlimited project size; over $120,000 per contract or over $750,000 total annually).", "license_source": "Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation Board for Contractors, 2024, https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/Boards/Contractors", "bonding_requirement": "Class C licensees have no state surety bond or net worth requirement. Class B applicants must demonstrate a minimum net worth of $15,000 or post a $50,000 surety bond. Class A applicants must demonstrate a minimum net worth of $45,000 or post a $50,000 surety bond. General liability insurance and workers' compensation insurance are also required.", "bonding_source": "Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation Board for Contractors, 2024, https://www.dpor.virginia.gov/Boards/Contractors", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 OEWS, Virginia employed 17,580 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an employment density of 4.417 per 1,000 jobs across the state.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Virginia, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_va.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 23.43 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Washington", "where": "WA", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 34.67, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 27.98, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "license_regime": "Statewide contractor registration is required by the Washington State Department of Labor & Industries (L&I). Registration consists of two primary tiers: General Contractor (authorized to perform any construction work and hire subcontractors) and Specialty Contractor (restricted to work within one of 63 designated specialty trade categories and prohibited from hiring subcontractors).", "license_source": "Washington State Department of Labor & Industries (L&I), 2024, https://www.lni.wa.gov/licensing-permits/contractors/register-as-a-contractor", "bonding_requirement": "Requires a continuous contractor surety bond of $30,000 for General Contractors or $15,000 for Specialty Contractors. Contractors must also maintain general liability insurance with minimum limits of $200,000 public liability and $50,000 property damage, or a $250,000 combined single limit.", "bonding_source": "Washington State Legislature, Revised Code of Washington RCW 18.27.040, 2024, https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=18.27.040", "market_size_or_density_note": "As of May 2023, Washington State employed 28,690 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing an occupational location quotient of 1.78 (78% higher concentration of carpenter jobs per thousand total jobs compared to the national average).", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 34.67 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "West Virginia", "where": "WV", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 22.1, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -18.42, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - West Virginia, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_wv.htm", "license_regime": "In West Virginia, door installation and carpentry trades (SOC 47-2031) are regulated at the state level by the West Virginia Contractor Licensing Board (WVCLB), part of the West Virginia Division of Labor. Under W. Va. Code § 21-11, a state contractor license is required for construction or alteration work exceeding $2,500 in total contract value. Classifications covering this scope include General Building Contractor (Class B), Residential Contractor (Class B-2), and Specialty Contractor.", "license_source": "West Virginia Division of Labor - Contractor Licensing Board, 2024", "bonding_requirement": "West Virginia does not require a flat statewide contractor license surety bond. However, out-of-state contractors or businesses operating in construction within West Virginia for under 1 year must post a wage bond with the Division of Labor pursuant to W. Va. Code § 21-5-14 (sized at 4 weeks gross payroll plus 15%). General liability insurance is required for licensure, ranging from $300,000 per occurrence for standard classifications up to $500,000 for Class A contractors, plus mandatory workers' compensation insurance.", "bonding_source": "West Virginia Division of Labor - Contractor Licensing Board, 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to BLS OEWS May 2023 estimates, West Virginia employs 2,820 workers in SOC 47-2031 (Carpenters), representing an employment density of 4.10 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 0.89 relative to the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - West Virginia, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_wv.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 22.1 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "citation-text-only", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Wisconsin", "where": "WI", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 28.4, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": 4.84, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_wi.htm", "license_regime": "Wisconsin does not mandate a state trade-level license specifically for door and access installation or general carpentry. However, contractors performing residential construction/alteration on 1- and 2-family dwellings or pulling building permits must obtain credentials from the Wisconsin Department of Safety and Professional Services (DSPS). Tiers include: 1) Dwelling Contractor Qualifier (individual credential requiring 12 hours of initial training), 2) Dwelling Contractor (standard business credential), and 3) Dwelling Contractor Restricted (business credential with a bond under $25,000). Commercial construction and non-permit specialty trades are unregulated at the state level but may require local municipal permit registration.", "license_source": "Wisconsin Department of Safety and Professional Services (DSPS), 2024, https://dsps.wi.gov/Pages/Professions/DwellingContractor/Default.aspx", "bonding_requirement": "Under Wis. Stat. § 101.654(2) and DSPS regulations, a Dwelling Contractor must demonstrate financial responsibility by maintaining either general liability insurance of at least $250,000 per occurrence OR a surety bond of at least $25,000. A Dwelling Contractor Restricted certification requires a surety bond between $5,000 and $24,999, and restricts the contractor from performing projects exceeding the bond amount.", "bonding_source": "Wisconsin Department of Safety and Professional Services (DSPS) Form 3096 & Wis. Stat. § 101.654, 2024", "market_size_or_density_note": "According to May 2023 BLS OEWS estimates, Wisconsin has 15,330 employed Carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing a job density of 5.313 per 1,000 total jobs in the state and a location quotient of 1.15 relative to national employment concentration.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_wi.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 28.4 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Wyoming", "where": "WY", "median_hourly_wage_usd": 25, "wage_differential_vs_national_pct": -7.72, "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_wy.htm", "license_regime": "No state-level contractor license is required for carpenters or doors and access trade contractors in Wyoming. Trade licensing and regulation are administered locally by individual cities and counties (e.g., City of Cheyenne Contractor Licensing Board, City of Casper Building Inspection Department). State-level trade contractor licensing in Wyoming is strictly limited to electrical contractors.", "license_source": "Wyoming Department of Workforce Services, 2025 Directory of Licensed Occupations in Wyoming, https://doe.state.wy.us/LMI/licensed_occupations.htm", "bonding_requirement": "No statewide surety bond or general liability insurance minimums exist for carpenters or general building contractors at the state level; bonding and insurance requirements are established by individual local municipalities and counties.", "bonding_source": "Wyoming Department of Workforce Services, 2025 Directory of Licensed Occupations in Wyoming, https://doe.state.wy.us/LMI/licensed_occupations.htm", "market_size_or_density_note": "Wyoming employed 2,540 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) with a location quotient of 2.01, representing an occupational density more than double the national average.", "market_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_wy.htm", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_basis": "Computed as (state median hourly wage 25 minus the national median 27.09) / 27.09. The national figure is the one published on this trade's page.", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm); cross-checked with O*NET OnLine (https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/47-2031.00) and Montana Department of Labor and Industry OEWS Data (https://lmi.mt.gov)", "median_wage_source_access": "url", "license_source_access": "url", "bonding_source_access": "url", "market_source_access": "url", "wage_differential_vs_national_pct_source_access": "url" } ], "msas": [ { "name": "Atlanta", "where": "GA", "contractor_density_note": "In the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA MSA, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports trade-specific occupational employment including 370 Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011) with a mean annual wage of $50,790, 300 Locksmiths and Safe Repairers (SOC 49-9094) with a mean annual wage of $63,460, and 6,030 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031).", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_12060.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential construction permitting in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell MSA cooled modestly in 2023-2024 following strong post-pandemic expansion; total multifamily permitting registered 13,937 authorized units in 2024, representing a 2.6% year-over-year decline while remaining 31.5% above its 5-year historical baseline.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey / Realtor.com Research, 2025", "market_context_note": "The Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell MSA added nearly 75,000 residents between July 2023 and June 2024 (a 1.2% annual growth rate), expanding the metro population to over 6.33 million. Rapid population growth and commercial development in the region sustain long-term demand for door installation, automated access control systems, and repair services.", "market_context_source": "Atlanta Regional Commission / U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program, 2025, https://atlantaregional.com", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Austin", "where": "TX", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) estimates, the Austin-Round Rock, TX metropolitan statistical area employed 3,600 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031) and 110 Locksmiths and Safe Repairers (SOC 49-9094), providing occupational density context for door and access installation trades.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS Metropolitan Estimates for Austin-Round Rock, TX, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_12420.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown MSA trended downward from a high of 50,772 units in 2021 to 42,942 units in 2022 (-15.4%) and 32,025 units in 2023 (-25.4%), before stabilizing with 32,294 authorized units in 2024.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey (via Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research and Construction Coverage), 2024, https://kinder.rice.edu", "market_context_note": "HUD's Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis for the Austin-Round Rock MSA highlighted substantial long-term demand for finish trade contractors driven by regional population expansion and heavy multi-family unit completions across Travis and suburban counties.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Austin-Round Rock, Texas, 2023, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Baltimore", "where": "MD", "contractor_density_note": "According to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD metropolitan statistical area employed 200 Locksmiths and Safe Repairers (SOC 49-9094) and 150 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters (SOC 51-7011) across a regional population of approximately 2.84 million residents.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates: Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD (2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_12580.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Building permit activity in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson metro area showed a strong positive trend, authorizing 5,514 residential units over a trailing 12-month period, representing a 24.2% year-over-year increase (approximately 1.94 to 2.17 permits per 1,000 residents).", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey (2024), https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "Regional demand for residential and commercial door, access, and security hardware is supported by substantial housing unit development; HUD's market analysis identified 6,725 rental units and 1,640 single-family sales homes under construction across the metro area's seven jurisdictions.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland (2023), https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Birmingham", "where": "AL", "contractor_density_note": "According to the BLS May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA employs approximately 160 Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011) representing a location quotient of 1.76 (0.323 per 1,000 jobs), alongside 1,820 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031) who perform frame and finish door installations.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_13820.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to HUD and U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data, residential permitting in the Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA reached 2,875 total units in 2022, up from prior years, with trailing 12-month permit volumes accelerating past 4,300 authorized units.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD User), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama, 2023", "market_context_note": "HUD's 2023 housing market analysis for the Birmingham-Hoover metro projected demand for 8,175 new sales homes and 2,400 new rental units over a three-year forecast period, supported by steady nonfarm payroll expansion and active commercial and residential construction across Jefferson and Shelby counties.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD User), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama, 2023", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, { "name": "Boston", "where": "MA", "median_job_value_usd": 1465, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026, https://www.angi.com", "permit_volume_trend": "New residential building permits in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH MSA declined 12.1% to 14,593 authorized units in 2022, though total permit valuation rose 7.5% to $4.0 billion. In 2024, multi-family permitting in structures with 5+ units decreased by 22.3% year-over-year to 2,936 units.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, 2024, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps/index.html", "market_context_note": "Door installation labor in Boston commands local rates between $60 and $130 per hour due to elevated living costs and strict city permitting regulations. Mechanical door repairers (SOC 49-9011) in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton metro area earn a median annual wage of $71,330, significantly above the national median of $51,050.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Buffalo", "where": "NY", "contractor_density_note": "In the Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY MSA (population ~1.15 million), the Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS reports 2,410 employed Carpenters (SOC 47-2031, covering door and window frame installation) with a location quotient of 0.99 relative to the national average, and 360 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers (SOC 49-9011) covering specialized access mechanisms.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), May 2023 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates: Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY (2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_15380.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls MSA contracted from 3,197 total units in 2022 to 2,101 units in 2023, followed by a modest recovery to 2,659 authorized units for the 12 months ending July 2024.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York (2024), https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "market_context_note": "Nonfarm payrolls in the Buffalo MSA expanded by 10,700 jobs (2.0%) during the 12 months ending July 2024, anchored by Education & Health Services, with 2,675 rental housing units under construction as of August 1, 2024, driving demand for finish carpentry, door fittings, and automated access control systems.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York (2024), https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Charlotte", "where": "NC", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC MSA had 3,740 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031), the core trade classification performing door and access framing and installation, representing a location quotient of 0.62 relative to the national average, with a mean hourly wage of $23.51.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (2023), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes16740.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 888, "job_value_source": "Angi, Door Installation Cost in Charlotte, NC (2026), https://www.angi.com", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia MSA remains elevated at approximately 20,262 housing units authorized trailing-twelve-months (~7.59 to 7.70 permits per 1,000 residents, over twice the national rate), moderating slightly from 27,168 authorized units in 2022.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey / Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis FRED (2024), https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CHAR737BPPRIV", "market_context_note": "Mecklenburg County leads new residential construction within the Charlotte MSA with 6,439 permitted units (32% of total metro permit pipeline), followed by cross-state expansion in York County, SC (2,639 permits) and Union County, NC (2,487 permits), providing steady demand for garage door, entry system, and interior door installation across both single-family and multifamily developments.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey & Population Estimates (2025), https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Chicago", "where": "IL", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 OEWS estimates, the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI metropolitan statistical area employed 18,890 carpenters (4.19 per 1,000 jobs) and 410 locksmiths and safe repairers (0.091 per 1,000 jobs) providing structural, door, and security access hardware installation services across the metro.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS Metropolitan Estimates, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_16980.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1303, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026 Door Installation Cost in Chicago IL Report, https://www.angi.com/articles/how-much-does-door-installation-cost-chicago-il.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "In 2024, the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin CBSA authorized 15,411 total new privately-owned housing units, ranking 14th among U.S. metropolitan statistical areas, though representing a cooling trend from historical and post-pandemic peak levels exceeding 22,000 annual authorized units.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 Annual Building Permits Survey, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "High-density residential development remains a primary driver of access trade activity in Chicago, with multi-family structures accounting for 47.4% of all new housing units permitted in the metro in 2024.", "market_context_source": "Construction Coverage, 2025 U.S. Cities Building the Most Multi-Family Housing Study, https://constructioncoverage.com/research/cities-building-the-most-multi-family-housing", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Cincinnati", "where": "OH", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metropolitan area had 4,350 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031) and 870 installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other (SOC 49-9099), representing the core local installation workforce for doors, framing, and access hardware.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_17140.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Single-family building permitting in the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA rose to 4,250 units for the 12 months ending August 2025, up from 3,925 units in the previous 12-month period. Multifamily permitting stood at 2,525 units over the same 12-month period, slightly down from 2,650 units a year prior, while maintaining consistency with the 2021-2023 annual average of 2,550 units.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD User) & U.S. Census Bureau, 2025, https://www.huduser.gov", "market_context_note": "The commercial construction industry in the Cincinnati MSA directly supported 28,417 jobs and generated $5.6 billion in local sales in 2024, contributing to an overall construction economic impact of $9.2 billion in the metro area. In addition, regional apartment construction remains active, with over 10,000 multifamily units projected for addition across Greater Cincinnati between 2024 and 2028.", "market_context_source": "Allied Construction Industries (ACI) & Economics Center, 2024, https://www.aci-web.com", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Cleveland", "where": "OH", "contractor_density_note": "As of May 2023, the Cleveland-Elyria, OH metropolitan statistical area had an estimated employment of 3,280 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031, covering finish carpentry and door installation trades), representing a location quotient of 0.71 relative to the national average and a mean hourly wage of $28.74 ($57,660 annually).", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_17460.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to HUD and U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey metrics, residential building permitting in the Cleveland-Elyria, OH MSA totaled 3,491 units in 2023 before rebounding strongly in 2024 with a 28.6% year-over-year increase to 4,175 permits over trailing 12-month activity.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development / U.S. Census Bureau, 2024", "market_context_note": "HUD's Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis for Cleveland-Elyria projected 3-year forecast demand for 8,950 new single-family homes and 6,650 new rental units, underpinning long-term demand for finish carpentry, doors, and building envelope access work across the metro.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Columbus", "where": "OH", "contractor_density_note": "In the Columbus, OH MSA, occupational employment for carpenters (SOC 47-2031), who perform finish carpentry, door, and structural framing installations, was recorded at 4,067 workers.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics & Ohio Bureau of Labor Market Information, 2021, https://www.ohiolmi.com", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the Columbus, OH MSA reached 13,709 authorized units over the trailing 12-month period, reflecting a 63.7% year-over-year expansion and yielding a rate of 6.37 permits per 1,000 residents.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2024, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "Nonfarm employment in the Columbus MSA increased by 20,900 jobs (1.9%) during the 12 months ending June 2023, driving estimated market demand for 17,775 new single-family homes and 13,900 new rental units through 2026, anchored by large-scale regional developments including Intel's $20 billion manufacturing facility.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2023, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Dallas-Fort Worth", "where": "TX", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA employs approximately 770 Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011, covering automatic door, overhead door, and garage door mechanics/installers) as of May 2023, reflecting a location quotient of 1.06 relative to national employment concentration.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes499011.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Dallas-Fort Worth led all major U.S. metropolitan areas in residential construction permitting in 2024 with 71,788 authorized housing units. While Texas single-family residential permit issuance moderated by 11.7% in 2025 due to elevated interest rates, overall construction permitting volume in the DFW metroplex remains among the highest nationwide.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey / Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), 2024-2025, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DALL148BPPRIV", "market_context_note": "Rapid population expansion across the metroplex (contributing to Texas's 7.3% population growth from 2020 to 2024) alongside elevated single-family and multi-family housing development drives steady regional demand for residential garage doors, commercial overhead doors, and automated access control systems.", "market_context_source": "Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2023 Economic Indicators, https://www.dallasfed.org/research/indicators/dfw/2023/dfw2308", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Denver", "where": "CO", "contractor_density_note": "According to the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metropolitan statistical area had an estimated 9,140 employed carpenters in May 2023, representing 5.75 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 1.25.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_19780.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1200, "job_value_source": "Angi, How Much Does Garage Door Replacement Cost in Denver?, 2026, https://www.angi.com", "permit_volume_trend": "New private residential housing units authorized by building permits in the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO MSA totaled 15,757 units in 2025, showing a downward trend from 20,650 units authorized in 2023.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 Annual Building Permits Survey, 2026, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "High elevation (5,280 ft), harsh winter temperatures, and severe hailstorms in the Denver area drive strong consumer demand for insulated and weather-reinforced door products. Furthermore, local garage door replacement projects yield a high return on investment, recovering between 90% and 190%+ of installation costs upon home resale.", "market_context_source": "Angi, How Much Does Garage Door Replacement Cost in Denver?, 2026, https://www.angi.com", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Detroit", "where": "MI", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI MSA employed 8,610 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), a group encompassing door installers and finish carpentry contractors, representing a location quotient of 0.98 relative to the national employment average.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_19820.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 985, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026 Detroit Door Installation Cost Report, https://www.angi.com", "permit_volume_trend": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, residential building permit volume in the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI MSA has stabilized at approximately 8,825 housing units authorized over a 12-month period into 2024-2026, reflecting steady regional construction and renovation activity following post-pandemic adjustments.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 Building Permits Survey (retrieved via Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis FRED), https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DETR826BPPRIV", "market_context_note": "According to the Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), Michigan hosted approximately 23,600 total construction establishments as of 2024-2025, with private nonresidential construction spending in Michigan reaching $9 billion in 2024, providing strong commercial market demand for entryways and access control systems.", "market_context_source": "Associated General Contractors of America, 2025 Construction Economic Impact Report, https://www.agc.org", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Hartford", "where": "CT", "contractor_density_note": "According to BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT MSA employed 1,830 carpenters (SOC 47-2031, covering door installation and finish carpentry) as of May 2023, representing 3.246 jobs per 1,000 total regional employment and a location quotient of 0.70 relative to the national average.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_25540.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data, the Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT MSA logged 1,270 total residential housing units authorized by building permits over the trailing 12-month period through May 2026, with May 2026 monthly authorizations (120 units) up 79.1% year-over-year and multifamily units accounting for 64.2% of monthly volume.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2026, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "In the Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metro area, median property values increased 7.82% year-over-year to $333,500 in 2024, accompanied by a 67.3% homeownership rate across 595,800 total employed residents, underpinning stable regional demand for home improvement and finish installation services.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey / DataUSA, 2024, https://datausa.io/profile/geo/hartford-west-hartford-east-hartford-ct", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Houston", "where": "TX", "contractor_density_note": "According to May 2023 BLS OEWS estimates, the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metropolitan statistical area employed 10,180 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) with an annual mean wage of $49,600 and a location quotient of 0.69 relative to the national average.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_26420.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 890, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026, https://www.angi.com/nearme/garage-door-installation/houston-tx", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit volume in the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land MSA reached 75,786 units in 2022 before moderating to 68,755 total housing units in 2023 (including 50,444 single-family units), leading all U.S. metropolitan areas in residential permitting before experiencing moderate further declines across single-family and multi-family units through 2024-2025.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey / HUD PD&R, 2024", "market_context_note": "Building code updates across Houston and Harris County mandate wind-resistance and elevation standards, driving demand for storm-compliant, insulated, and hurricane-rated doors and access systems across new builds and replacements.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD User), 2026, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/cityscape.html", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Indianapolis", "where": "IN", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 4,460 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031), the primary occupation responsible for door, frame, and entryway access installations, with a mean hourly wage of $28.13 as of May 2023.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_26980.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "In the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson MSA, single-family residential building permits rebounded and increased in 2024 relative to 2022-2023 levels, while multifamily building permitting moderated down in 2024 from an elevated average of approximately 5,100 units per year during 2022-2023.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD PD&R), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana, 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "market_context_note": "Residential construction and trade demand in the 11-county Indianapolis metro area are heavily concentrated in the suburban ring, led by Hamilton County (which generates over one-third of the MSA's total permit pipeline) and fast-growing Hendricks County, whereas urban core Marion County has seen declining permit activity.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD PD&R), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana, 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Jacksonville", "where": "FL", "contractor_density_note": "In the Jacksonville, FL metropolitan statistical area, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports 3,440 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031, which includes finish carpenters and door installers), representing an occupational density of 4.639 jobs per 1,000 total jobs in the metro.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS Estimates for Jacksonville, FL MSA, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_27260.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Single-family residential building permits across the four-county Jacksonville metro area (Duval, Clay, Nassau, and St. Johns) rose 6.17% in 2024 to 12,551 permits (up from 11,821 in 2023), before dropping 29.7% in 2025 to 8,828 permits amid broader economic uncertainty, elevated land and labor costs, and reduced builder sales volumes.", "permit_source": "Northeast Florida Builders Association via Jax Daily Record, 2026", "market_context_note": "In the Jacksonville metro area, major production homebuilders drive 75% to 80% of overall residential permit volume, while custom and smaller builders contribute the remaining 20% to 25%. Local demand for doors and access structural components is further dictated by Florida Building Code requirements for hurricane wind resistance and impact protection.", "market_context_source": "Jax Daily Record, 2026", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, { "name": "Kansas City", "where": "MO", "contractor_density_note": "In the Kansas City, MO-KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, the BLS reports 4,780 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031, covering finish carpenters and door installers), representing a trade density of 4.44 carpenters per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan economy.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Kansas City, MO-KS MSA (2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_28140.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1151, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026 Kansas City, MO Garage Door Replacement Cost Guide (2026), https://www.angi.com/articles/garage-door-replacement-cost.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permitting in the Kansas City MSA experienced a sharp contraction in 2023 and 2024 before rebounding significantly in 2025 and early 2026, with trailing 12-month residential permits reaching 10,714 authorized housing units (a 38.3% year-over-year increase).", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey / Mid-America Regional Council (MARC) Housing Production Reports (2024), https://www.marc.org", "market_context_note": "Housing construction in Kansas City proper saw a steep multi-year decline relative to surrounding suburban jurisdictions (e.g., Johnson County, KS outpaced KC single-family permits by over 3-to-1) due to local adoption of strict IECC 2021 energy conservation codes that added up to $20,000 in compliance costs per home. In February 2026, the Kansas City Council voted 7-6 to roll back portions of the energy code to stimulate housing construction and trade contractor demand.", "market_context_source": "The Beacon News / KCUR, 'Kansas City Council rolls back energy codes after single-family building permits fell' (2026), https://thebeaconnews.org", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Las Vegas", "where": "NV", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program for the Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV MSA, specialty trade construction contractors employ thousands of skilled installers and finish trade workers across the metropolitan area.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_29820.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 4302, "job_value_source": "Remodeling Magazine / A+ Garage Doors, 2026, https://aplusgaragedoor.com", "permit_volume_trend": "New private residential building permit authorizations in the Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV MSA have experienced a moderate multi-year downward trend, moving from 23,443 authorized units in 2021 to 20,321 in 2022, 18,494 in 2023, 18,557 in 2024, and 17,790 in 2025.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau / FRED, 2026, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LASV832BPPRIV", "market_context_note": "Demand for door and access services in Southern Nevada is buoyed by strong regional in-migration (~45,000 net California arrivals over a 24-month period) driving residential construction in master-planned communities across Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin. Exterior entry and garage door replacements consistently rank among the highest cost-recouped home improvement investments in the Las Vegas market.", "market_context_source": "Nevada Real Estate Group, 2026", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, { "name": "Los Angeles", "where": "CA", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA metropolitan statistical area employed approximately 26,400 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031), the primary classification responsible for door, window frame, and finish access installation, with an annual mean wage of $72,920.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1312, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026, https://www.angi.com/articles/how-much-does-it-cost-install-door.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, total new residential housing units authorized by building permits in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim MSA reached 27,700 units in 2025, representing a 3% increase over 26,781 units in 2024, although overall monthly permitting averages remain approximately 8% below 2019 baseline levels.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, 2025, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "Demand for door replacement and installation in Los Angeles is heavily influenced by local municipal mandates, including Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety (LADBS) regulations requiring replacement exterior doors in airport noise overlay zones to meet elevated Sound Transmission Class (STC) standards.", "market_context_source": "Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety, 2026, https://www.ladbs.org", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Louisville", "where": "KY", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) estimates, there were 290 Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011) employed in the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN metropolitan statistical area as of May 2023, earning a mean hourly wage of $22.34 ($46,480 annually).", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_31140.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis, residential construction permitting expanded in the Louisville, KY-IN metropolitan area, highlighted by a 28% increase in permitted rental units (to nearly 3,625 units) during the 12 months ending April 2023, led by a 49% surge in the Jefferson County submarket.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "market_context_note": "Research from the Metropolitan Housing Coalition highlights growing long-term demand for door, entryway, and structural accessibility installations in Louisville/Jefferson County, where single-person households grew by 14.4% between 2013 and 2023 and the population aged 65 and older expanded by 3.3%, increasing the need for accessible and multi-family residential buildouts.", "market_context_source": "Metropolitan Housing Coalition, 2024, https://www.metropolitanhousing.org", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Memphis", "where": "TN", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the Memphis, TN-MS-AR metropolitan area expanded in 2023-2024 after dropping from 2021 peaks. Total authorized residential units increased 16.8% from 4,130 units (12 months ending May 2023) to 4,825 units (12 months ending May 2024), following 4,722 units in 2022 and 6,678 units in 2021. Single-family authorizations grew from 2,891 to 3,306 units, while rental unit permits rose from 1,239 to 1,519 units over the 12 months ending May 2024.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) / U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "market_context_note": "According to HUD's Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis as of June 1, 2024, housing demand in the Memphis metropolitan market area is projected at 10,800 new single-family sales units and 2,675 new rental units over the 2024-2027 forecast period, supported by 1,200 sales units and 1,950 rental units under construction as of mid-2024.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Office of Policy Development and Research, 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Miami", "where": "FL", "contractor_density_note": "According to the May 2023 BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL metropolitan area employed 12,520 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031), representing a density of 4.60 per 1,000 jobs, along with 1,310 Glaziers (SOC 47-2121) involved in commercial and residential door and structural entrance installation.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential permitting in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metro area experienced strong overall growth led by multifamily developments, with total monthly permits reaching 2,904 units in Census BPS tracking (up 160% from 2020 levels of 1,117 units), as multifamily permits expanded from 445 to 2,311 units offsetting single-family permit drops.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey (BPS), 2025, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "Miami-Dade County mandates building permits for all exterior shell and structural door and window replacements under Florida Building Code Section 105.1. Permit fees are calculated at 0.5% of estimated construction costs for major projects (or $45 base fee for projects under $2,500), with double permit fees assessed for unpermitted work under Miami-Dade Code Enforcement ordinances.", "market_context_source": "Miami-Dade County Regulatory and Economic Resources Department, 2025 Fee Schedule / Implementing Order 4-63", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, { "name": "Milwaukee", "where": "WI", "contractor_density_note": "In the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI MSA, the carpentry trade (SOC 47-2031, covering structural and finish door installation) employed 14,120 workers with a location quotient of 1.07 (5.012 per 1,000 jobs), indicating a contractor density slightly higher than the national average.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), May 2022 OEWS Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_33340.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Single-family residential building permit authorizations in the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis MSA increased modestly from 1,377 units in 2023 to 1,411 units in 2024 (a 2.5% increase), representing a stable and slightly positive construction activity trend.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) User, Great Lakes Regional Housing Market Report Q4 2024, 2024, https://www.huduser.gov", "market_context_note": "The Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis housing market was classified as balanced as of Q4 2024 with an apartment vacancy rate of 4.9%, maintaining steady local demand for building finishing and structural entry installation services.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) User, Great Lakes Regional Housing Market Report Q4 2024, 2024, https://www.huduser.gov", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Minneapolis-St. Paul", "where": "MN", "contractor_density_note": "According to the BLS OEWS May 2023 data for the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA, there are 410 employed Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011) with a location quotient of 1.16 (16% above national average concentration), as well as 450 employed Glaziers (SOC 47-2121).", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_33460.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1077, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026 Minneapolis Garage Door Replacement Cost Guide, 2026, https://www.angi.com", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity across the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area experienced a sharp decline following peak production years. Place-level permitted housing units in Minneapolis dropped from 1,528 in 2023 to 452 in 2024, while Saint Paul permits plunged from 1,204 in 2023 down to 404 in 2024 and 357 in 2025.", "permit_source": "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2026, https://www.minneapolisfed.org and U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, 2024, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "In Minneapolis, exterior door replacements and garage door installations are driven by strict energy-efficiency code standards and severe winter conditions, requiring insulated, weather-rated products and city building permits for structural exterior door work.", "market_context_source": "Angi, 2026 Minneapolis Door Installation Pro Costs Guide, 2026, https://www.angi.com", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Nashville", "where": "TN", "median_job_value_usd": 1650, "job_value_source": "", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin MSA has remained elevated, with annual private housing units authorized reaching between 17,900 and 19,000 units (approximately 8.8 to 10 permits per 1,000 residents), reflecting strong momentum across single-family and multi-family construction.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey / Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), 2026, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NASH947BPPRIV", "market_context_note": "Sustained population growth and major commercial development in the Nashville metropolitan area have driven consistent demand for residential and commercial door installations, replacements, and access control systems across Davidson, Rutherford, Williamson, Wilson, and Sumner counties.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2020, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "job_value_source_access": "missing", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "New Orleans", "where": "LA", "contractor_density_note": "According to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS data, the New Orleans-Metairie, LA MSA employed approximately 1,600 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031) and 50 Locksmiths and Safe Repairers (SOC 49-9094) in the local labor market.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_35380.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the New Orleans-Metairie, LA MSA has trended downward in recent years, with single-family unit authorizations experiencing significant contractions amid elevated interest rates and reduced housing starts.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey (retrieved via FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis), 2026, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NEWO322BP1FH", "market_context_note": "Door and access installations in New Orleans face specific regulatory requirements, as properties in designated historic districts require a Certificate of Appropriateness from the Historic District Landmarks Commission (HDLC) or Vieux Carré Commission (VCC), as well as compliance with high-wind and hurricane opening protection codes.", "market_context_source": "City of New Orleans Historic District Landmarks Commission / Safety and Permits, 2026, https://www.nola.gov", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "New York", "where": "NY", "contractor_density_note": "In the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA metropolitan statistical area, BLS OEWS reports 1,200 employed Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011) at a density of 0.127 per 1,000 jobs, along with 42,690 Carpenters (SOC 47-2031) who perform door frame and entryway installation at a density of 4.50 per 1,000 jobs.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_35620.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1393, "job_value_source": "Angi Local Cost Report for New York, NY, 2026, https://www.angi.com", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the New York-Newark-Jersey City MSA reached 54,565 authorized housing units over the trailing 12 months ending May 2026. Monthly permit volume for May 2026 totaled 4,590 units (up 25.4% compared to the prior-year period), with multi-family developments accounting for 83.6% of permitted units.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, 2026, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "In the New York-Newark-Jersey City metropolitan area, Mechanical Door Repairers earned an annual mean wage of $60,340 ($29.01 per hour), while Carpenters earned an annual mean wage of $74,440 ($35.79 per hour). High multi-family density and strict municipal building codes drive continuous demand for commercial, residential, and fire-rated door access installations across the metro.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Metropolitan Area Wage Estimates, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/regions/northeast", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Oklahoma City", "where": "OK", "contractor_density_note": "According to the May 2024 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data for the Oklahoma City, OK Metropolitan Statistical Area, there were an estimated 3,810 workers employed as Carpenters (SOC 47-2031), a primary occupational trade responsible for door, frame, and access opening installations, representing a location quotient of 0.8 relative to the national average and an annual mean wage of $50,760.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics / Oklahoma Employment Security Commission, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes", "permit_volume_trend": "According to HUD PD&R and Census Building Permits Survey regional analysis, residential building activity in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area trended strongly upward, with single-family home permits increasing 19 percent year-over-year in Q1 2024 to 1,300 units permitted (up from 1,090 in Q1 2023) and multifamily permits surging to approximately 410 units permitted (up from 80 in Q1 2023).", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) PD&R / U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, 2024", "market_context_note": "The City of Oklahoma City Development Services Department enforces building permits for structural door replacements, commercial alterations, and accessory structure installations (including attached/detached garages) under the 2018 International Residential Code (IRC) and International Building Code (IBC) with Oklahoma Uniform Building Code Commission amendments. Permit fees are set at $0.16/sq. ft. for residential, $0.28/sq. ft. for commercial, or $6.00 per $1,000 of valuation for alteration and repair projects.", "market_context_source": "City of Oklahoma City Development Services Department, 2026, https://www.okc.gov/departments/development-services", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Orlando", "where": "FL", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 OEWS estimates, the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL MSA employed 6,590 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) with an employment density of 4.823 workers per 1,000 total jobs and a location quotient of 1.05.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_36740.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 804, "job_value_source": "Angi, Orlando FL Door Installation Cost Guide, 2026", "permit_volume_trend": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data shows robust construction momentum in the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford MSA, authorizing 33,670 new privately-owned housing units in 2025 (4.5 units per 1,000 residents), ranking 6th nationally among metropolitan CBSAs and increasing from 28,890 units permitted in 2022.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Building Permits Survey, 2025, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "Door and access installations across Greater Orlando are strictly governed by Florida Building Code wind-load and impact standards requiring hurricane-rated exterior doors. Market activity is further propelled by rapid demographic growth, with the metro area population projected to reach 3.2 million by 2030.", "market_context_source": "Baltimore Post-Examiner, Evolution of Florida's Housing Markets, 2024", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "citation-text-only", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, { "name": "Philadelphia", "where": "PA", "contractor_density_note": "In the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD metropolitan statistical area, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) OEWS data reports 580 employed mechanical door repairers (SOC 49-9011). Additionally, U.S. Census Bureau County Business Patterns data records 470 finish carpentry contractor establishments (NAICS 238350) operating in the metro.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_37980.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1398, "job_value_source": "Angi Market Report, 2026, https://www.angi.com/articles/garage-door-replacement-cost.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data reported by Realtor.com, total residential permitting in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington metro experienced a slight decline of 0.3% year-over-year in 2024, led by a 49.4% drop in multifamily permitted units.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey / Realtor.com, 2025", "market_context_note": "HUD's Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis for the Philadelphia area indicated nonfarm payroll growth of 2.0% (19,600 jobs added) and a low sales vacancy rate of 1.3% through mid-2024, underpinning sustained demand for home renovations and door replacement services.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD User), 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Phoenix", "where": "AZ", "contractor_density_note": "According to the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA had 10,320 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031, covering door, window, and finish woodwork installation) in May 2023, representing approximately 4.5 workers per 1,000 total jobs in the metro area.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS May 2023 Estimates, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_38060.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1150, "job_value_source": "Angi, Door Installation Cost in Phoenix, AZ, 2026, https://www.angi.com/articles/door-installation-cost.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Total residential building permits in the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler MSA fell 14.1% from 2024 to 2025, driven by a 19.5% decline in single-family housing permits and a 3.6% drop in multi-family permitting activity.", "permit_source": "University of Arizona Economic and Business Research Center (U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey Data), 2026", "market_context_note": "Extreme desert heat and UV exposure in the Phoenix metro area drive high consumer demand for energy-efficient, insulated, and heat-resistant exterior and garage doors, with complete garage door replacements averaging $1,045 to $1,500.", "market_context_source": "Angi, How Much Does Garage Door Replacement Cost in Phoenix?, 2026, https://www.angi.com/articles/garage-door-replacement-cost-phoenix.htm", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Pittsburgh", "where": "PA", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) May 2023 data, the Pittsburgh, PA metropolitan statistical area employed 70 Locksmiths and Safe Repairers (SOC 49-9094) with a mean annual wage of $52,100.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates - Pittsburgh, PA, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_38300.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to HUD analysis of U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data, total residential building permit activity in the Pittsburgh MSA reached 7,400 units in 2023 (up from 7,215 in 2022), but trended downward to 6,658 units for the 12 months ending April 2024, representing an 8.5% year-over-year decline.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (as of May 1, 2024), 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "market_context_note": "Total new and existing home sales in the Pittsburgh metro area dropped 11% year-over-year for the 12 months ending April 2024 due to elevated mortgage interest rates, while trade and construction demand continues to be anchored by commercial and institutional expansions in healthcare (UPMC, Highmark Health) and higher education.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (as of May 1, 2024), 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Portland", "where": "OR", "contractor_density_note": "In the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metropolitan statistical area, there are 290 employed Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011), representing a worker density of 0.240 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 1.31 compared to the national average.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates: Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_38900.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 2890, "job_value_source": "Angi, How Much Does Door Installation Cost in Portland, OR?, 2026, https://www.angi.com/articles/door-installation-cost-portland-or.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permitting in the Portland metropolitan region has experienced a sharp decline. Annual housing production within the Metro urban growth boundary averaged approximately 8,000 units per year from 2018 to 2023, but fell by roughly 50% in 2024. In the City of Portland, multi-unit apartment permits dropped to 856 units in 2024, down over 70% from the 2018-2023 annual average of 3,100 units.", "permit_source": "Metro, 2025 Regional Housing Coordination Strategy: Tasks 2B and 2C: Market Conditions and Barriers to Housing Development, 2025", "market_context_note": "Under the Oregon Residential Specialty Code and City of Portland guidelines, door replacements that fit existing structural openings do not require a building permit, whereas structural alterations or resizing of door openings trigger mandatory building permits from Portland Permitting & Development.", "market_context_source": "City of Portland Permitting & Development, Residential Building Permits Guide, 2026", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, { "name": "Providence", "where": "RI", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Providence-Warwick, RI-MA metropolitan statistical area employed 3,130 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), the primary occupation encompassing finish carpentry, door, and frame installation, reflecting a location quotient of 1.39, which indicates a 39% higher concentration of workers in this trade relative to the national average.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS May 2023 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_39300.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Data from the U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey shows a strong upward surge in multi-family residential permitting for the Providence-Warwick, RI-MA MSA, with 656 multi-family units permitted in 2024, a 175.4% increase relative to the metro's prior 5-year average.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey via Realtor.com, 2025", "market_context_note": "According to the City of Providence Comprehensive Plan, property owners spent over $300 million on construction within Providence's local historic districts between late 2013 and 2024, sustaining strong demand for specialized finish carpentry, door restoration, and custom entrance retrofits across the city's aging built environment.", "market_context_source": "City of Providence Department of Planning and Development, Comprehensive Plan, 2026, https://planning.ri.gov", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Raleigh", "where": "NC", "contractor_density_note": "According to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS data, construction and trade workers represent 8.4% of the total workforce in the Raleigh-Cary, NC MSA, ranking 3rd highest among all major U.S. metropolitan areas for construction workforce concentration.", "density_source": "Construction Coverage (analyzing U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS data), 2025, https://constructioncoverage.com/research/cities-with-the-most-construction-workers", "median_job_value_usd": 4325, "job_value_source": "Garage Door Estimator Pros Raleigh NC Market Pricing Report, 2026, https://garagedoorestimatorpros.com", "permit_volume_trend": "The Raleigh-Cary MSA authorized 21,551 new residential housing permits ($4.4B total valuation) in 2022 and led all major U.S. metros with 28.8 new units authorized per 1,000 existing homes (~18,200 to 18,400 annual permits), maintaining the densest residential build pipeline in the nation.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey (analyzed by Construction Coverage), 2025, https://constructioncoverage.com/research/cities-building-the-most-homes", "market_context_note": "Suburban expansion across Wake and Johnston counties, combined with a 67% owner-occupancy rate and humid local weather conditions, drives high demand for insulated steel and wind-rated garage doors. Standard residential trade permits in the City of Raleigh carry fees between $50 and $150 based on job valuation.", "market_context_source": "City of Raleigh Development Services / Angi Raleigh Local Guide, 2025, https://www.angi.com", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Richmond", "where": "VA", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Richmond, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area recorded 160 employed Helpers--Carpenters (SOC 47-3012) in May 2023, supporting finish carpentry and door installation trades across a metropolitan population of over 1.3 million.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS Metropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_40060.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data, the Richmond, VA MSA authorized 9,973 total residential building units in 2023 (including 4,814 single-family permits). Permitting activity experienced a moderate slowdown in 2024 in line with national trends before rebounding in early 2025, with Q1 2025 housing unit permits outpacing Q1 2024 levels.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2025, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "The Richmond, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area encompasses a population of over 1.36 million residents across 17 localities, creating sustained demand for residential remodeling, commercial building upgrades, and specialty trade services.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Resident Population in Richmond, VA (MSA) [RCPPOP], FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2026, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RCPPOP", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Riverside-San Bernardino", "where": "CA", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA metropolitan statistical area employed 14,770 carpenters (SOC 47-2031, covering structural, door, frame, and finish installation workers), representing an employment density of 8.885 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 1.93 relative to the national baseline.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA), 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_40140.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data, residential building permit volume in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA remained steady at 15,824 authorized housing units in 2024 and 15,817 units in 2025 (a 0% YoY change), stabilizing after earlier post-pandemic housing highs.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey (2024-2025 Metro Permit Analysis), 2025", "market_context_note": "With approximately 4.7 million residents across Riverside and San Bernardino counties, the Inland Empire is the 12th most populous MSA in the United States, driving long-term demand for single-family housing, multi-family construction, and massive commercial/logistics warehouse developments that rely heavily on specialized door, gate, and access hardware installations.", "market_context_source": "Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), 2024 Southern California Economic Update, 2024, https://scag.ca.gov", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Sacramento", "where": "CA", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA MSA employs 300 Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011), representing a labor density of 0.285 workers per 1,000 total jobs and a location quotient of 1.56.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_40900.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom MSA reached 10,042 authorized housing units over the trailing 12 months ending May 2026 (a 14% year-over-year monthly increase), rebounding after single-family permits declined 11.2% year-over-year in 2025 to 7,626 units.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2025-2026, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "A regional study found that local municipal fees for new residential construction in the Sacramento metro area average $109,000 per home (up 25% since 2020), impacting homebuilding feasibility and shifting construction activity toward high-density multi-family housing.", "market_context_source": "North State Building Industry Association & Economic & Planning Systems, 2025, https://www.americanrivermessenger.com", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Salt Lake City", "where": "UT", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, the Salt Lake City, UT metropolitan area employed approximately 5,000 carpenters (SOC 47-2031) with a location quotient of 1.35 and an employment density of 6.221 per 1,000 jobs, alongside 420 carpenter helpers (SOC 47-3012).", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024), May 2023 OEWS Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates: Salt Lake City, UT, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_41620.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 4611, "job_value_source": "Remodeling Magazine (2024), 2024 Cost vs Value Report: Salt Lake City, UT, https://www.jlconline.com/cost-vs-value/salt-lake-city-ut-2024", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential construction permitting in the Salt Lake City MSA saw single-family permit volume moderate while multi-family permitting expanded. According to HUD User, single-family home construction decreased 21% to 4,250 homes during the 12 months ending November 2022 due to rising interest rates, while multi-family development saw approximately 11,000 units under construction.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD User) (2023), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Salt Lake City, Utah, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "market_context_note": "Trade demand in doors and access is supported by broader construction sector expansion in the metro area. According to HUD User's market analysis, the mining, logging, and construction sector in the Salt Lake City MSA expanded by 8.0% (adding 4,200 jobs) during the 12 months ending November 2022, reaching employment levels 22% higher than its pre-pandemic 2019 peak.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD User) (2023), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Salt Lake City, Utah, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "San Antonio", "where": "TX", "contractor_density_note": "According to May 2023 BLS OEWS estimates, the San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX MSA employs 2,160 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), the primary occupational group covering door, frame, and finish carpentry installation, with an average hourly wage of $22.11 and annual mean earnings of $45,990.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_41700.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential permitting in the San Antonio-New Braunfels MSA surged in 2022 to an all-time high of 24,006 units (over 50% higher than 2021 peak levels) before moderating to approximately 15,000 authorized units in 2024, reflecting a broader transition toward market absorption and housing stabilization.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "market_context_note": "The San Antonio-New Braunfels MSA reached a population of 2.77 million in 2024 and added 29,000 nonfarm jobs (2.5% growth) over 12 months, driving multi-year demand estimated at 46,450 new residential sales units along with commercial and hospitality renovation needs.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "San Diego", "where": "CA", "contractor_density_note": "In the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA MSA (San Diego County), Census County Business Patterns data documented 464 establishment locations categorized under Finish Carpentry Contractors (NAICS 238350, which includes door, frame, and finish installation contractors). Additionally, the BLS May 2023 OEWS report identified 9,610 employed carpenters (SOC 47-2031) in the metro area.", "density_source": "U.S. Census Bureau / San Diego Regional Consortium Center of Excellence (2022, https://www.sdiregionalconsortium.org) and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS (2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm)", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the San Diego region experienced strong growth, with 14,947 total housing units permitted across San Diego County in 2024 (up ~21% from 11,673 units in 2023). Structure composition was dominated by multifamily (60%) and accessory dwelling units (ADUs, 27%), with single-family representing 13%. In the City of San Diego, permitting averaged ~9,200 new homes annually across 2023-2024 (8,782 in 2024 and 9,691 in 2023), representing a 40%+ increase over the prior decade's baseline.", "permit_source": "SANDAG Housing Policy and Planning Tool / CA HCD Annual Progress Report (2024, https://www.sandag.org) and City of San Diego 2025 Annual Report on Homes (2025, https://www.insidesandiego.org)", "market_context_note": "Door and access work in San Diego is driven by multi-family infill and high volumes of garage-to-ADU conversions. Projects involving door replacement on structures built before 1979 in the City of San Diego are subject to mandatory EPA RRP certified renovator compliance and lead hazard permitting rules under the municipal Lead Hazard Prevention and Control Ordinance.", "market_context_source": "City of San Diego Environmental Services Department (2024, https://www.sandiego.gov)", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "San Francisco", "where": "CA", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, the San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA MSA employed 1,160 Glaziers (SOC 47-2121) as of May 2023 and 220 Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011) as of May 2022.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_41860.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1904, "job_value_source": "Angi Door Installation Cost in San Francisco CA Report, 2026, https://www.angi.com/articles/how-much-does-door-installation-cost.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit volume in the Bay Area experienced a sharp decline, dropping approximately 75% from 32,500 units permitted in 2018 to roughly 9,100 units in 2024. San Francisco issued permits for 2,391 total housing units between January 2022 and September 2023.", "permit_source": "Bay Area Council Economic Institute / U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, 2023", "market_context_note": "Door and access systems in San Francisco face unique local requirements including Seismic Zone 4 structural brackets and track reinforcement, marine-grade corrosion resistance due to coastal fog exposure, and California Title 24 energy standards for insulated door assemblies.", "market_context_source": "LeadFlowGod San Francisco Local Market Insights, 2026", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "citation-text-only" }, { "name": "San Jose", "where": "CA", "contractor_density_note": "As of May 2023, the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA MSA employed 4,230 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), the primary trade category encompassing door, window, and frame installation, representing a density of 3.71 carpenters per 1,000 jobs in the metro area (location quotient of 0.80).", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472031.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential construction and permitting in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara metro area experienced a steep downturn, with building permits declining by 68% between July 2020 and July 2025 (dropping from 1,949 to 623 permitted units), marking the largest percentage permit drop among major U.S. metropolitan areas.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey (via San José Spotlight), 2025", "market_context_note": "In San Jose, door replacements and access modifications must comply with California Title 24 Part 6 energy standards (Climate Zone 4 U-factor limits for exterior residential doors). Building permits are required whenever structural openings or framing are modified, while direct surface replacements without structural changes remain permit-exempt.", "market_context_source": "City of San Jose Department of Planning, Building & Code Enforcement, 2025, https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/departments-offices/planning-building-code-enforcement/building-division/building-permit-fees", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Seattle", "where": "WA", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS, the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA MSA employs approximately 17,320 carpenters (SOC 47-2031, which covers door, window, and frame installation specialists), representing 8.33 jobs per 1,000 total occupations and a location quotient of 1.81, indicating trade employment density 81% higher than the national average.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_42660.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permit activity in the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue MSA experienced a downward trend in recent years; U.S. Census Bureau data shows total authorized residential housing units dropped from 30,767 in 2021 to 26,820 in 2022 (-12.8%), with total permit valuation declining 10.9% to $5.7 billion. Multi-year comparisons from 2020 to 2025 show a 43.9% decline in monthly authorized units, driven primarily by a 62% contraction in multi-family unit authorizations.", "permit_source": "U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2023, https://www.census.gov/construction/bps", "market_context_note": "According to the Remodeling Cost vs. Value Report, garage door replacements in the Seattle market deliver a 123% return on investment (ROI), leading all exterior remodeling project categories in cost recoupment for local homeowners.", "market_context_source": "Journal of Light Construction (JLC), Cost vs. Value Report, 2025, https://www.costvsvalue.com", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "St. Louis", "where": "MO", "contractor_density_note": "In the St. Louis, MO-IL metropolitan statistical area, BLS data reports 370 Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011) employed, with a location quotient of 1.52 (0.28 jobs per 1,000 total jobs), indicating a higher concentration of door mechanics and automated door installers than the national average.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), 2023, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes499011.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 2988, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026, https://www.angi.com/articles/door-installation-cost-st-louis-mo.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "For the 12-month period ending September 30, 2024, a total of 3,855 building permits were issued for new single-family residential units in the St. Louis area, representing a modest 1.28% decrease from the 3,905 permits issued in the preceding 12-month period.", "permit_source": "Home Builders Association of St. Louis & Eastern Missouri / U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, 2024", "market_context_note": "In St. Louis County, replacing or repairing exterior and interior doors within existing rough openings is exempt from building permit requirements provided performance standards are met (such as a maximum U-Factor of 0.34 and appropriate garage fire ratings); a building permit is required if rough openings are enlarged or structurally modified.", "market_context_source": "St. Louis County Department of Transportation and Public Works, 2024, https://stlouiscountymo.gov/st-louis-county-departments/transportation-and-public-works/residential-building-permits-and-inspections/when-a-building-permit-is-not-required", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Tampa", "where": "FL", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS estimates, the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA employed 6,480 carpenters (SOC 47-2031), the primary occupational group performing door, trim, and access installation work, reflecting an employment density of 4.586 per 1,000 jobs.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_45300.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1357, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026, https://www.angi.com", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential permitting activity in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA experienced strong post-pandemic expansion, reaching nearly 30,000 permitted housing units in 2022 (+20.7% year-over-year). HUD forecasts continued steady construction demand with 44,825 new sales units and 19,850 rental units needed from 2024 through 2027.", "permit_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2024, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "market_context_note": "The Tampa metropolitan area reached a population of over 3.3 million in 2023 after gaining more than 51,200 residents in a single year. High population growth alongside humid coastal weather conditions and Florida building code mandates for hurricane-impact resistance drives sustained regional demand for door and entry access installations and upgrades.", "market_context_source": "Tampa Bay Economic Development Council, 2024, https://tampabayedc.com", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Virginia Beach", "where": "VA", "contractor_density_note": "According to BLS occupational data for the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA, there were 3,750 working carpenters (SOC 47-2031), the primary trade category covering door, frame, and access hardware installation, representing a location quotient of 1.10 compared to national average density.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023 OEWS Metropolitan Estimates (released April 2024), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_47260.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "Residential building permits in the Virginia Beach / Hampton Roads metro area increased by 5.6% year-to-date in 2024 compared to 2023, marking a positive turnaround from the slowdown recorded over 2022-2023. Single-family construction permits experienced a 26.3% month-over-month gain in May 2024.", "permit_source": "Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC), Hampton Roads Economic Monthly (July 2024), https://www.hrpdcva.gov", "market_context_note": "Construction was the leading private-sector job growth engine in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News MSA, adding 3,300 jobs (+8.1%) during the 12 months ending October 2024. HUD projects demand for 6,175 new rental housing units through 2027, underpinning continued demand for residential and commercial door and entry access installation.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Comprehensive Housing Market Analysis: Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC (November 2024), https://www.huduser.gov", "density_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "url", "market_context_source_access": "url" }, { "name": "Washington DC", "where": "DC", "contractor_density_note": "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were approximately 350 Mechanical Door Repairers (SOC 49-9011) employed in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV metropolitan area as of May 2023.", "density_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_47900.htm", "median_job_value_usd": 1461, "job_value_source": "Angi, 2026, https://www.angi.com/articles/how-much-does-garage-door-replacement-cost.htm", "permit_volume_trend": "According to U.S. Census Building Permits Survey data, total private residential housing units authorized by building permits in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA declined 34.57% year-over-year in 2023 to 23,493 units, following a peak of 32,296 permitted units in 2022.", "permit_source": "Housing Affordability Institute, 2024", "market_context_note": "Demand for commercial door and overhead access systems in the metropolitan area has been supported by growth in logistics and distribution facilities, with Northern Virginia distribution building inventory expanding 11% year-over-year in 2022 to 8.91 million square feet.", "market_context_source": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/ushmc/chma_archive.html", "density_source_access": "url", "job_value_source_access": "url", "permit_source_access": "citation-text-only", "market_context_source_access": "url" } ] }, "market_structure": { "permits": [], "seasonality": [], "size_tiers": [], "top_states": [] }, "reputation": { "available": false, "note": "Insufficient public review-listing coverage to publish a reliable per-trade reputation aggregate." }, "firmographics": { "available": true, "source": "Aggregated public business firmographic records (multi-source SMB dataset). Revenue/employee/age/employer-rating distributions per trade. Aggregate only; no individual company identified.", "n_companies": 5083, "revenue_usd": { "n": 1991, "p25": 6000000, "median": 10000000, "p75": 20900000, "p90": 33867273 }, "employees": { "n": 1249, "p25": 33, "median": 52, "p75": 88, "p90": 150 }, "founded_year_median": 2004, "employer_rating_avg": 3.55, "employer_rating_n": 1128, "top_states": [], "source_access": "citation-text-only" }, "level_published": null, "comps": [ { "ticker": "ALLE", "name": "Allegion plc", "return_6m_pct": -13.2, "return_1y_pct": -17.6, "gross_margin_pct": 44.97, "ev_ebitda": 13.64, "market_cap_billions": 11.9, "market_snapshot_date": "2026-07-23", "fiscal_period": "TTM", "publication_status": "historical", "current_comparison_eligible": false, "comparison_scope": "historical-reference-only" }, { "ticker": "AMWD", "name": "American Woodmark Corporation", "return_6m_pct": null, "return_1y_pct": null, "gross_margin_pct": 17.93, "ev_ebitda": 8.19, "market_cap_billions": 0.701, "market_snapshot_date": "2026-07-23", "fiscal_period": "FY2025", "publication_status": "historical", "current_comparison_eligible": false, "comparison_scope": "historical-reference-only" }, { "ticker": "GFF", "name": "Griffon Corporation", "return_6m_pct": 5.2, "return_1y_pct": 17.7, "gross_margin_pct": 41.53, "ev_ebitda": 11.02, "market_cap_billions": 4.2, "market_snapshot_date": "2026-07-23", "fiscal_period": "TTM", "publication_status": "historical", "current_comparison_eligible": false, "comparison_scope": "historical-reference-only" }, { "ticker": "MIDD", "name": "The Middleby Corporation", "return_6m_pct": -3.6, "return_1y_pct": 19, "gross_margin_pct": 38.74, "ev_ebitda": 11.05, "market_cap_billions": 6.02, "market_snapshot_date": "2026-07-23", "fiscal_period": "TTM", "publication_status": "historical", "current_comparison_eligible": false, "comparison_scope": "historical-reference-only" } ] }